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Henry Sidgwick citáty

Henry Sidgwick byl anglický filozof a ekonom. Byl představitelem utilitarismu. Zaobíral se silně též parapsychologií a bojoval za právo žen na vyšší vzdělání.

Jeho nejvýznamnější knihou je The Methods of Ethics z roku 1874, kterou John Rawls označil za "první skutečně akademickou práci o morálce". Věřil v přirozenou utilitární morálku, jeho přístup bývá někdy nazýván "etický hedonismus", Sidgwick nevěřil, že by člověk mohl učinit něco, co by narušovalo jeho osobní štěstí, a toto osobní štěstí nutně zahrnuje i štěstí jeho okolí. Tento přístup byl nicméně často kritizován, kritik individualismu Alasdair MacIntyre například ve své práci Ztráta ctnosti říká, že Sidgwick chtěl "objevit vesmír a nalezl chaos".

Podle životopisce Barta Schultze byl Sidgwick homosexuálem, byl nicméně manželem sestry britského ministerského předsedy Arthura Balfoura, Eleanor Mildred Balfourové, feministky a jedné z prvních ženských studentek na Cambridge. Přerušil kontakt s anglikánskou církví a označoval se napříště za deistu. Křesťanství nicméně považoval za "nenahraditelné ze sociologického hlediska". Wikipedia  

✵ 31. květen 1838 – 28. srpen 1900
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Henry Sidgwick: 5   citátů 0   lajků

Henry Sidgwick: Citáty anglicky

“I may begin by laying down as a principle that ‘all pain of human or rational beings is to be avoided’; and then afterwards may be led to enunciate the wider rule that ‘all pain is to be avoided’; it being made evident to me that the difference of rationality between two species of sentient beings is no ground for establishing a fundamental ethical distinction between their respective pains.”

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Henry Sidgwick

"The Establishment of Ethical First Principles" (1879), in Essays on Ethics and Method (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2000), p. 30 https://books.google.it/books?id=Ci9x5WY3NesC&pg=PA30

“The good of any one individual is of no more importance, from the point of view (if I may so say) of the Universe, than the good of any other; unless, that is, there are special grounds for believing that more good is likely to be realized in the one case than in the other.”

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Henry Sidgwick kniha The Methods of Ethics

The Methods of Ethics (1884), p. 381

“Now, I agree with Mill in holding that the scientific study of the structures and functions of the different governments that have actually existed in human societies cannot well be pursued in complete separation from the scientific study of other important elements of the societies in question : whether the aim of the student is to ascertain the causes of the differences in such governments or to examine their effects. But I do not think that there is any fundamental difference, in this respect, between the study of political relations and the study of economic relations, or, again, of religion, of art, of science and philosophy, as factors of social life. In each of these eases the student concentrates his attention on one element of human history which can only be partially separated from other components of the whole complex fact of social development. Experience seems to show that this kind of concentration, and consequent partial separation of historical and sociological study into special branches, is unavoidable in the division of intellectual labour which the growth of our knowledge renders necessary in a continually increasing degree.”

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Henry Sidgwick

Elements of Politics (3rd ed., 1908), Ch. 1: Scope and Method of Politics

“Each person is morally obliged to regard the good of anyone else as much as his own good, except when he judges it to be less, when impartially viewed, or less certainly knowable or attainable by him.”

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Henry Sidgwick kniha The Methods of Ethics

Zdroj: The Methods of Ethics (1874), Book 3, chapter 13, section 3 (7th ed., 1907)

“A universal refusal to propagate the human species would be the greatest of conceivable crimes from a Utilitarian point of view.”

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Henry Sidgwick kniha The Methods of Ethics

Zdroj: The Methods of Ethics (1874), Book 4, chapter 5, section 3 (7th ed., 1907)