John Rawls citáty (64 citátů) | Citáty slavných osobností

“The natural distribution is neither just nor unjust; nor is it unjust that persons are born into society at some particular position. These are simply natural facts. What is just and unjust is the way that institutions deal with these facts.”

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John Rawls kniha A Theory of Justice

Zdroj: A Theory of Justice (1971; 1975; 1999), Chapter II, Section 14, pg. 87-88
Kontext: Occasionally this reflection is offered as an excuse for ignoring injustice, as if the refusal to acquiesce in injustice is on a par with being unable to accept death. The natural distribution is neither just nor unjust; nor is it unjust that persons are born into society at some particular position. These are simply natural facts. What is just and unjust is the way that institutions deal with these facts.
Kontext: We may reject the contention that the ordering of institutions is always defective because the distribution of natural talents and the contingencies of social circumstance are unjust, and this injustice must inevitably carry over to human arrangements. Occasionally this reflection is offered as an excuse for ignoring injustice, as if the refusal to acquiesce in injustice is on a par with being unable to accept death. The natural distribution is neither just nor unjust; nor is it unjust that persons are born into society at some particular position. These are simply natural facts. What is just and unjust is the way that institutions deal with these facts. Aristocratic and caste societies are unjust because they make these contingencies the ascriptive basis for belonging to more or less enclosed and privileged social classes. The basic structure of these societies incorporates the arbitrariness found in nature. But there is no necessity for men to resign themselves to these contingencies. The social system is not an unchangeable order beyond human control but a pattern of human action. In justice as fairness men agree to avail themselves of the accidents of nature and social circumstance only when doing so is for the common benefit. The two principles are a fair way of meeting the arbitrariness of fortune; and while no doubt imperfect in other ways, the institutions which satisfy these principles are just.

“Each person possesses an inviolability founded on justice that even the welfare of society as a whole cannot override.”

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John Rawls kniha A Theory of Justice

Zdroj: A Theory of Justice (1971; 1975; 1999), Chapter I, Section 1, pg. 3-4
Kontext: Justice is the first virtue of social institutions, as truth is of systems of thought. A theory however elegant and economical must be rejected or revised if it is untrue; likewise laws and institutions no matter how efficient and well-arranged must be reformed or abolished if they are unjust. Each person possesses an inviolability founded on justice that even the welfare of society as a whole cannot override. For this reason justice denies that the loss of freedom for some is made right by a greater good shared by others. It does not allow that the sacrifices imposed on a few are outweighed by the larger sum of advantages enjoyed by many. Therefore in a just society the liberties of equal citizenship are taken as settled; the rights secured by justice are not subject to political bargaining or to the calculus of social interests.

“The intolerant can be viewed as free-riders, as persons who seek the advantages of just institutions while not doing their share to uphold them.”

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John Rawls kniha A Theory of Justice

Zdroj: A Theory of Justice (1971; 1975; 1999), Chapter VI, Section 59, pg. 388

“The first statement of the two principles reads as follows. First: each person is to have an equal right to the most extensive basic liberty compatible with a similar liberty for others. Second: social and economic inequalities are to be arranged so that they are both(a)reasonably expected to be to everyone's advantage, and (b) attached to positions and offices open to all.”

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John Rawls kniha A Theory of Justice

Zdroj: A Theory of Justice (1971; 1975; 1999), Chapter II, Section 11, pg. 60

“The concept of justice I take to be defined, then, by the role of its principles in assigning rights and duties and in defining the appropriate division of social advantages.”

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John Rawls kniha A Theory of Justice

Zdroj: A Theory of Justice (1971; 1975; 1999), Chapter I, Section 2, pg. 10
Kontext: The concept of justice I take to be defined, then, by the role of its principles in assigning rights and duties and in defining the appropriate division of social advantages. A conception of justice is an interpretation of this role.

“I have tried to set forth a theory that enables us to understand and to assess these feelings about the primacy of justice.”

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John Rawls kniha A Theory of Justice

Zdroj: A Theory of Justice (1971; 1975; 1999), Chapter IX, Section 87, p. 586
Kontext: I have tried to set forth a theory that enables us to understand and to assess these feelings about the primacy of justice. Justice as fairness is the outcome: it articulates these opinions and supports their general tendency.

“Justice is the first virtue of social institutions, as truth is of systems of thought.”

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John Rawls kniha A Theory of Justice

Zdroj: A Theory of Justice (1971; 1975; 1999), Chapter I, Section 1, pg. 3-4
Kontext: Justice is the first virtue of social institutions, as truth is of systems of thought. A theory however elegant and economical must be rejected or revised if it is untrue; likewise laws and institutions no matter how efficient and well-arranged must be reformed or abolished if they are unjust. Each person possesses an inviolability founded on justice that even the welfare of society as a whole cannot override. For this reason justice denies that the loss of freedom for some is made right by a greater good shared by others. It does not allow that the sacrifices imposed on a few are outweighed by the larger sum of advantages enjoyed by many. Therefore in a just society the liberties of equal citizenship are taken as settled; the rights secured by justice are not subject to political bargaining or to the calculus of social interests.

“We cannot at the end count them a second time because we do not like the result.”

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John Rawls kniha A Theory of Justice

Zdroj: A Theory of Justice (1971; 1975; 1999), Chapter III, Section 23, pg. 135
Kontext: The claims of existing social arrangements and of self interest have been duly allowed for. We cannot at the end count them a second time because we do not like the result.