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Eric Hobsbawm citáty

Eric John Ernest Hobsbawm byl britský historik marxistické orientace. Zabýval se především obdobím vzniku industriálního kapitalismu a 19. stoletím , napsal ale i známou práci The Age of Extremes věnovanou století dvacátému. Hojně citována je též jeho kniha The Invention of Tradition , kde nastolil tezi, že většina "tradic" je v moderní společnosti uměle zkonstruována k aktuálním účelům, především pro potřeby udržení moderního národa, který je v jeho pohledu bytostně spjat s potřebami industriální společnosti a je poměrně nedávnou kategorií.



✵ 9. červen 1917 – 1. říjen 2012   •   Další jména Eric John Ernest Hobsbawm
Eric Hobsbawm foto
Eric Hobsbawm: 49   citátů 2   lajky

Eric Hobsbawm citáty a výroky

„V minulosti plaveme jako ryby ve vodě a nemůžeme jí uniknout.“

Eric Hobsbawm

Zdroj: [Le Goff, Jacques, Jacques Le Goff, Paměť a dějiny, Argo, Praha, 2007, 978-80-7203-862-6, 29, česky]

O rybách , O vodě , O minulosti

„Komunistický manifest teoretiků beztřídní společnosti Karla Marxe a Bedřicha Engelse je strhující předpověď dopadů globalizace na společnost na konci 20. století. Žádný z velkých problémů, před nimiž lidstvo stojí na začátku 21. století, nemůže být vyřešen na základě neomezeného hospodářského růstu a technického pokroku, tedy principů, které jsou pro rozvinuté západní země stále určující.“

Eric Hobsbawm

Zdroj: [Eric Hobsbawm – uznávaný historik, který do konce života obdivoval Marxe, rozhlas, 2017-06-15, 2019-12-10, https://plus.rozhlas.cz/eric-hobsbawm-uznavany-historik-ktery-do-konce-zivota-obdivoval-marxe-6512330]

O problémech

Eric Hobsbawm: Citáty anglicky

“The progress of science is not a simple linear advance, each stage marking the solution of posing of problems previously implicit or explicit in it, and in turn posing new problems.”

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Eric Hobsbawm

Zdroj: The Age of Revolution (1962), Chapter 15, Science

“People may not like to meet bandits, especially on a dark night, but a taste for reading about them seems to be universal.”

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Eric Hobsbawm

Preface to Pantheon Edition
Bandits (1969)

“Look at London. Of course it matters to all of us that London's economy flourishes. But the test of the enormous wealth generated in patches of the capital is not that it contributed 20%-30% to Britain's GDP but how it affects the lives of the millions who live and work there. What kind of lives are available to them? Can they afford to live there? If they can't, it is not compensation that London is also a paradise for the ultra-rich. Can they get decently paid jobs or jobs at all? If they can't, don't brag about all those Michelin-starred restaurants and their self-dramatising chefs. Or schooling for children? Inadequate schools are not offset by the fact that London universities could field a football team of Nobel prize winners.”

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Eric Hobsbawm

The Guardian http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/apr/10/financial-crisis-capitalism-socialism-alternatives (2009).

“Human beings are not efficiently designed for a capitalist system of production.”

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Eric Hobsbawm kniha The Age of Extremes

Zdroj: The Age of Extremes (1992), p. 414.

“Banditry is freedom, but in a peasant society few can be free. most are shackled by double chains of lordship and labour, one reinforcing the other.”

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Eric Hobsbawm

Zdroj: Bandits (1969), Chapter Two
Kontext: Banditry is freedom, but in a peasant society few can be free. most are shackled by double chains of lordship and labour, one reinforcing the other. For what makes peasants the victim of authority is not as much their economic vulnerability - indeed they are as often as not virtually self sufficient - as their mobility.

“As I think back, I ask myself, again and again: was there an alternative to the indiscriminate, brutal, basically unplanned rush forward of the Five-Year Plan? I wish I could say there was, but I cannot. I cannot find a answer.”

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Eric Hobsbawm kniha The Age of Extremes

Zdroj: The Age of Extremes (1992), Chapter Sixteen, End of Socialism

“Uncertainty and unpredictability impended. Compass needles no longer had a North, maps became useless.”

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Eric Hobsbawm kniha The Age of Extremes

Zdroj: The Age of Extremes (1992), Chapter Eleven, Cultural Revolution, p.338-339
Kontext: The old moral vocabulary of rights and duties, mutual obligations, sin and virtue, sacrifice, conscience, rewards, and penalties, could no longer be translated into the new language of desired gratification. Once such practices and institutions were no longer accepted as part of a way of ordering society that linked people to each other and ensured social cooperation and reproduction, most of their capacity to structure human social life vanished. They were reduced simply expressions of individuals' preferences, and claims that the law should recognize the supremacy of these preferences. Uncertainty and unpredictability impended. Compass needles no longer had a North, maps became useless.

“My object is to understand ad explain why things turned out the way they did, and how they hang together.”

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Eric Hobsbawm kniha The Age of Extremes

Introduction
The Age of Extremes (1992)
Kontext: My object is to understand ad explain why things turned out the way they did, and how they hang together. For anyone of my age-group who has lived through all or most of the Short Twentieth Century this is inevitably also a autobiographical endeavor. We are talking about, amplifying (and correcting) our own memories. And we are talking as men and women of a particular time and place, involved, in various ways, in its history as actors in its dramas - however insignificant our parts - as observers of our times and, not least, as people whose views of the century have been formed by what we have come to see as its crucial events.

“Words are witnesses which often speak louder than documents.”

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Eric Hobsbawm

Introduction
The Age of Revolution (1962)
Kontext: Words are witnesses which often speak louder than documents. Let us consider a few English words, which were invented or gained their modern meanings, substantially in the period of sixty years with which this volume deals. They are such words as 'industry', 'industrialist', 'factory,' middle class,' 'working class,' and 'socialism.' They include 'aristocracy,' as well as 'railway,' 'liberal' and 'conservative' as political terms, 'nationality,'scientist,' and 'engineer,' 'proletariat,' and (economic) 'crisis'.

“Why brilliant fashion-designers, a notoriously non-analytic breed, sometimes succeed in anticipating the shape of things to come better than professional predictors, is one of the most obscure questions in history; and, for the historian of culture, one of the most central.”

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Eric Hobsbawm kniha The Age of Extremes

Zdroj: The Age of Extremes (1992), Chapter Six, The Arts 1914-1945

“Historians are to nationalism what poppy-growers in Pakistan are to heroin-addicts: we supply the essential raw material for the market.”

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Eric Hobsbawm

“It is a melancholy illusion of those who write books and articles that the printed word survives. Alas, it rarely does.”

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Eric Hobsbawm

Zdroj: How to Change the World: Reflections on Marx and Marxism

“Liberalism was failing. If I'd been German and not a Jew, I could see I might have become a Nazi, a German nationalist. I could see how they'd become passionate about saving the nation. It was a time when you didn't believe there was a future unless the world was fundamentally transformed.”

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Eric Hobsbawm

As quoted by Eric Hobsbawn, in “A Question of Faith,” Maya Jaggi, The Guardian (Sept. 14, 2002)

“Unlike the word 'communist', which always signified a programme, the word 'socialist' was primarily analytical and critical.”

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Eric Hobsbawm

How To Change the World: Reflections on Marx and Marxism (2011)

“The art most significantly affected by radio was music, since it was abolished the acoustic or mechanical limitations on the range of sounds. Music, the last of the arts to break out of the bodily prison that confines oral communication, had already entered the era of mechanical production before 1914 with the gramophone, although this was hardly yet within reach of the masses”

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Eric Hobsbawm kniha The Age of Extremes

The Arts 1914-1945
The Age of Extremes (1992)

“As the global expansion of Indian and Chinese restaurants suggests, xenophobia is directed against foreign people, not foreign cultural imports.”

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Eric Hobsbawm

Mapping the Nation (Mappings Series) http://books.google.co.in/books?id=39IHUaOV9fUC&pg=PA263 (13 November 2012), p. 263.

“Bourgeois triumph thus imbued the French Revolution with the agnostic or secular-moral ideology of the eighteenth century enlightenment, and since the idiom of that revolution became the general language of all subsequent social revolutionary movements, it transmitted this secularism…”

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Eric Hobsbawm

Zdroj: The Age of Revolution (1962), Chapter 12, Ideology: Religion

“The point about social bandits is that they are peasant outlaws whom the lord and state regard as criminals, but who remain within peasant society, and are considered by their people as heroes, as champions, avengers, fighters for justice, perhaps even leaders of liberation, and in any case as men to be admired, helped and supported.”

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Eric Hobsbawm

Zdroj: Bandits (1969), Chapter One, What is Social Banditry

“Communism as an ideology had been passionately committed to women's equality and liberation, in every sense including the erotic, in spite of Lenin's own dislike of casual sexual promiscuity. (However, both Krupskaya and Lenin were among the rare revolutionaries who specifically favored the sharing of housework between the sexes)…Yet, with rather rare exceptions…they were not prominent in the first political ranks of their parties, or indeed at all, and in the new communist-governed states they became even less visible. Indeed, women in leading political functions virtually disappeared…When women streamed into a profession opened to them, as in the U. S. S. R., where the medical profession became largely feminized in consequence, it lost status and income. As against Western feminists, most married Soviet women, long used to a lifetime of paid work, dreamed of the luxury of staying at home and doing only one job…whatever the achievements and failures of the socialist world, it did not generate specifically feminist movements, and could indeed hardly have done so, given the virtual impossibility of any political initiatives not sponsored by state and party before the mid-1980s”

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Eric Hobsbawm kniha The Age of Extremes

The Age of Extremes (1992)

“Rarely has the incapacity of governments to hold up the course of history been more conclusively demonstrated than in the generation after 1815. To prevent a second French Revolution, or the even worse catastrophe of a general European revolution on the French model, was the supreme object of all the powers which had just spent more than twenty years in defeating the first; even of the British, who were not in sympathy with the reactionary absolutism which re-established themselves all over Europe and knew quite well that reforms neither could nor ought to be avoided, but who feared a new Franco-Jacobin expansion more than any other international contingency. And yet, never in European history and rarely anywhere else has revolutionarism been so endemic, so general, so likely to spread by spontaneous contagion as well as by deliberate propaganda.”

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Eric Hobsbawm

Zdroj: The Age of Revolution (1962), Chapter 6, Revolutions

“Surrealism was a genuine addition to the repertoire of avant-garde arts, its novelty attested by the ability to produce shock, incomprehension, or what amounted to the same thing, a sometimes, embarrassed laughter, even among the older avant-garde.”

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The Arts 1914-1945
The Age of Extremes (1992)

“Nothing is easier than to see the Christ of the Sermon on the Mount as 'the first socialist' or communist, and though the majority of early socialist theorists were not Christians, many later members of socialists movements have found this reflection useful.”

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Eric Hobsbawm

How To Change the World: Reflections on Marx and Marxism (2011)

“The paradox of communism in power was that it was conservative.”

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Eric Hobsbawm kniha The Age of Extremes

Zdroj: The Age of Extremes (1992), p. 422.

“(Carmine Crocco) A farm-labourer and cowherd, had joined the Bourbon army, killed a comrade in a brawl, deserted and lived as an outlaw for ten years. He joined the liberal insurgents in 1860 in the hope of an amnesty for his past offences, and subsequently became the most formidable guerilla chief and leader of men on the Bourbon side.”

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Eric Hobsbawm

Bandits (Penguin, 1985), p. 25.

“Nevertheless it is evident — if only from the Greek example just cited — that proto-nationalism, where it existed, made the task of nationalism easier, however great the differences between the two, insofar as existing symbols and sentiments of proto-national community could he mobilized behind a modern cause or a modern state. But this is far from saying that the two were the same, or even that one must logically or inevitably lead into the other. For it is evident that proto-nationalism alone is clearly not enough to form nationalities, nations, let alone states.”

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Eric Hobsbawm

Zdroj: Nations and nationalism since 1780 programme, myth, reality (1992), pp. 76–77.

“The greatest cruelties of our century have been the impersonal cruelties of remote decision, of system and routine, especially when they could be justified as regrettable operational necessity.”

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Eric Hobsbawm kniha The Age of Extremes

The Age of Extremes (1992)

“Though the web of history cannot be unraveled into separate threads without destroying it, a certain amount of subdivion of the subject is, for practical purposes, essential.”

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Eric Hobsbawm

Preface
The Age of Revolution (1962)

“Happiness ( a term which caused its definers almost as much trouble as its pursuers) was each individual's supreme object; the greatest happiness of the greatest number was plainly the aim of society”

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Eric Hobsbawm

Zdroj: The Age of Revolution (1962), Chapter 13, Ideology: Secular

“In 1831 Victor Hugo had written that he already heard 'the full sound of revolution, still deep down in the earth, pushing out under the kingdom in Europe to its subterranean galleries from the central shaft of the mine which is Paris. 1847 the sound was loud and close. In 1848 the explosion burst.”

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Eric Hobsbawm

Zdroj: The Age of Revolution (1962), Chapter 16, Conclusion: Towards 1848

“The best approach to this cultural revolution is therefore through family and household, i. e. through the structure of relations between the secondhand generations. In most societies this had been impressively resistant to sudden change, though this does not mean that such structures were static.”

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Eric Hobsbawm kniha The Age of Extremes

Zdroj: The Age of Extremes (1992), Chapter Eleven, Cultural Revolution, p.320

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