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John Searle citáty

John Rogers Searle je americký filosof a profesor filosofie na University of California v Berkeley, který významně přispěl k rozvoji filosofie jazyka a řečových aktů. V roce 1980 předložil Argument čínského pokoje. V roce 2000 získal cenu Jeana Nicoda. Wikipedia  

✵ 31. červenec 1932  •  Další jména John Roger Searle
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John Searle: 38 citátů1 lajk

John Searle citáty a výroky

„Jakmile jsme přesvědčení, že určitou oblast známe a rozumíme jí, přestáváme toto poznání nazývat filosofií a začínáme ho nazývat vědou.“

John Searle

Originál: (en) As soon as we are confident that we really have knowledge and understanding in some domain, we stop calling it philosophy and start calling it science.
Zdroj: [Searle, John, 1999, Mind, Language And Society: Philosophy In The Real World, Basic Books, 158, angličtina]

John Searle: Citáty anglicky

“One of the most depressing things about educated people today is that so few of them, even among professional intellectuals, are able to follow the steps of a simple logical argument.”

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John Rogers Searle

The Storm Over the University (December 6, 1990)
Kontext: You need to know enough philosophy so that the methods of logical analysis are available to you to be used as a tool. One of the most depressing things about educated people today is that so few of them, even among professional intellectuals, are able to follow the steps of a simple logical argument.

“You cannot think clearly if you cannot speak and write clearly”

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John Rogers Searle

The Storm Over the University (December 6, 1990)
Kontext: Finally, and perhaps most importantly, you need to acquire the skills of writing and speaking that make for candor, rigor, and clarity. You cannot think clearly if you cannot speak and write clearly.

“One can imagine a computer simulation of the action of peptides in the hypothalamus that is accurate down to the last synapse. But equally one can imagine a computer simulation of the oxidation of hydrocarbons in a car engine or the action of digestive processes in a stomach when it is digesting pizza. And the simulation is no more the real thing in the case of the brain than it is in the case of the car or the stomach. Barring miracles, you could not run your car by doing a computer simulation of the oxidation of gasoline, and you could not digest pizza by running the program that simulates such digestion. It seems obvious that a simulation of cognition will similarly not produce the effects of the neurobiology of cognition.”

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John Rogers Searle

"Is the Brain’s Mind a Computer Program?", Scientific American (January 1990).

“The general nature of the speech act fallacy can be stated as follows, using “good” as our example. Calling something good is characteristically praising or commending or recommending it, etc. But it is a fallacy to infer from this that the meaning of “good” is explained by saying it is used to perform the act of commendation.”

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John Rogers Searle Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language

Zdroj: Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language (1969), P. 139.

“Materialism ends up denying the existence of any irreducible subjective qualitative states of sentience or awareness.”

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John Rogers Searle

Consciousness and Language (2002) p. 47.

“It seems to me obvious that infants and many animals that do not in any ordinary sense have a language or perform speech acts nonetheless have Intentional states. Only someone in the grip of a philosophical theory would deny that small babies can literally be said to want milk and that dogs want to be let out or believe that their master is at the door.”

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John Rogers Searle

Zdroj: Intentionality: An Essay in the Philosophy of Mind (1983), P. 5.

“Whatever is referred to must exist. Let us call this the axiom of existence.”

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John Rogers Searle Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language

Zdroj: Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language (1969), P. 77.

“In many cases it is a matter for decision and not a simple matter of fact whether x understands y; and so on.”

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John Rogers Searle

Minds, Brains and Programs (1980)

“The sense in which an automatic door "understands instructions" from its photoelectric cell is not at all the sense in which I understand English.”

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John Rogers Searle

Minds, Brains and Programs (1980)

“I want to block some common misunderstandings about "understanding": In many of these discussions one finds a lot of fancy footwork about the word "understanding."”

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John Rogers Searle

Minds, Brains and Programs (1980)

“It is apparently very congenial for some people who are professionally concerned with fictional texts to be told that all texts are really fictional anyway, and that claims that fiction differs significantly from science and philosophy can be deconstructed as a logocentric prejudice, and it seems positively exhilarating to be told that what we call "reality" is just more textuality. Furthermore, the lives of such people are made much easier than they had previously supposed, because now they don't have to worry about an author's intentions, about precisely what a text means, or about distinctions within a text between the metaphorical and the literal, or about the distinction between texts and the world because everything is just a free play of signifiers. The upper limit, and I believe the reductio ad absurdum, of this "sense of mastery" conveyed by deconstruction, is in Geoffrey Hartman's claim that the prime creative task has now passed from the literary artist to the critic.”

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John Rogers Searle

"The Word Turned Upside Down", The New York Review of Books, Volume 30, Number 16, October 27, 1983.

“Where questions of style and exposition are concerned I try to follow a simple maxim: if you can’t say it clearly you don’t understand it yourself.”

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John Rogers Searle

Zdroj: Intentionality: An Essay in the Philosophy of Mind (1983), P. x.

“There are clear cases in which "understanding" literally applies and clear cases in which it does not apply; and these two sorts of cases are all I need for this argument.”

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John Rogers Searle

Minds, Brains and Programs (1980)

“There is probably no more abused a term in the history of philosophy than “representation,” and my use of this term differs both from its use in traditional philosophy and from its use in contemporary cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence…. The sense of “representation” in question is meant to be entirely exhausted by the analogy with speech acts: the sense of “represent” in which a belief represents its conditions of satisfaction is the same sense in which a statement represents its conditions of satisfaction. To say that a belief is a representation is simply to say that it has a propositional content and a psychological mode.”

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John Rogers Searle

Zdroj: Intentionality: An Essay in the Philosophy of Mind (1983), P. 12.

“In the performance of an illocutionary act in the literal utterance of a sentence, the speaker intends to produce a certain effect by means of getting the hearer to recognize his intention to produce that effect; and furthermore, if he is using the words literally, he intends this recognition to be achieved in virtue of the fact that the rules for using the expressions he utters associate the expression with the production of that effect.”

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John Rogers Searle Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language

Zdroj: Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language (1969), P. 45.

“You need to know at least one foreign language well enough so that you can read the best literature that that language has produced in the original, and so you carry on a reasonable conversation and have dreams in that language. There are several reasons why this is crucial, but the most important is perhaps this: you can never understand one language until you understand at least two.”

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John Rogers Searle

The Storm Over the University (December 6, 1990)

“Well, what does “good” mean anyway…? As Wittgenstein suggested, “good,” like “game,” has a family of meanings. Prominent among them is this one: “meets the criteria or standards of assessment or evaluation.””

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John Rogers Searle Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language

Zdroj: Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language (1969), P. 152.

“I have only one real message in this lecture, and that is: consciousness is a biological phenomenon, like photosynthesis, digestion, mitosis—you know all the biological phenomena—and once you accept that, most, if not all about the hard problems of consciousness simply evaporate.”

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John Rogers Searle

"Our shared condition — consciousness" (May, 2013)

“Dualism makes the problem insoluble; materialism denies the existence of any phenomenon to study, and hence of any problem.”

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John Rogers Searle

Consciousness and Language (2002) p. 47.

“Precisely by inculcating a critical attitude, the "canon" served to demythologize the conventional pieties of the American bourgeoisie and provided the student with a perspective from which to critically analyze American culture and institutions. Ironically, the same tradition is now regarded as oppressive. The texts once served an unmasking function; now we are told that it is the texts which must be unmasked.”

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John Rogers Searle

"The Storm Over the University", The New York Review of Books, December 6, 1990

“The student should have enough knowledge of his or her cultural tradition to know how it got to be the way it is. This involves both political and social history, on the one hand, as well as the mastery of some of the great philosophical and literary texts of the culture on the other. It involves reading not only texts that are of great value, like those of Plato, but many less valuable that have been influential, such as the works of Marx. For the United States, the dominant tradition is, and for the foreseeable future, will remain the European tradition. The United States is, after all, a product of the European Enlightenment. However, you do not understand your own tradition if you do not see it in relation to others. Works from other cultural traditions need to be studied as well.”

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John Rogers Searle

The Storm Over the University (December 6, 1990)

“The ascription of an unconscious intentional phenomenon to a system implies that the phenomenon is in principle accessible to consciousness.”

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John Rogers Searle

A statement of the author’s “connection principle.”
"Consciousness, Explanatory Inversion, and Cognitive Science," The Behavioral and Brain Sciences 13, 4 (December 1990): 585-696.

“All of our conscious states, without exception, are caused by lower level neurobiological processes in the brain, and they are realized in the brain as higher level, or system features. It's about as mysterious as the liquidity of water, right? The liquidity is not an extra juice squirted out by the H2O molecules, it's a condition that the system is in; and just as the jar full of water can go from a liquid to solid, depending on the behavior of the molecules, so your brain can go from a state of being conscious to a state of being unconscious, depending on the behavior of the molecules. The famous mind body problem is that simple.”

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John Rogers Searle

"Our shared condition — consciousness" (May, 2013)

“Where conscious subjectivity is concerned, there is no distinction between the observation and the thing observed.”

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John Rogers Searle

The Rediscovery of the Mind, p. 97, MIT Press (1992) ISBN 0-262-69154-X.

“The Intentionality of the mind not only creates the possibility of meaning, but limits its forms.”

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John Rogers Searle

Zdroj: Intentionality: An Essay in the Philosophy of Mind (1983), P. 166.

“I cannot recall a time when American education was not in a "crisis." We have lived through Sputnik (when we were "falling behind the Russians"), through the era of "Johnny can't read," and through the upheavals of the Sixties. Now a good many books are telling us that the university is going to hell in several different directions at once. I believe that, at least in part, the crisis rhetoric has a structural explanation: since we do not have a national consensus on what success in higher education would consist of, no matter what happens, some sizable part of the population is going to regard the situation as a disaster. As with taxation and relations between the sexes, higher education is essentially and continuously contested territory. Given the history of that crisis rhetoric, one's natural response to the current cries of desperation might reasonably be one of boredom.”

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John Rogers Searle

The Storm Over the University (December 6, 1990)

“The problem posed by indirect speech acts is the problem of how it is possible for the speaker to say one thing and mean that but also to mean something else.”

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John Rogers Searle

Expression and Meaning, p. 31, Cambridge University Press (1979).

“Our tools are extensions of our purposes, and so we find it natural to make metaphorical attributions of intentionality to them; but I take it no philosophical ice is cut by such examples.”

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John Rogers Searle

Minds, Brains and Programs (1980)

“I will argue that in the literal sense the programmed computer understands what the car and the adding machine understand, namely, exactly nothing.”

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John Rogers Searle

Minds, Brains and Programs (1980)

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