Otto Weininger citáty
Otto Weininger
Datum narození: 3. duben 1880
Datum úmrtí: 4. říjen 1903
Otto Weininger byl rakouský filosof a spisovatel židovského původu.
V roce 1903 vydal knihu Pohlaví a charakter , která získala popularitu po jeho sebevraždě ve věku 23 let. Dnes je Weininger v akademických kruzích obecně vnímán jako misogyn a antisemita; filosof Ludwig Wittgenstein a spisovatel August Strindberg ho považovali za velkého génia.
Citáty Otto Weininger
„Mám v sobě chlad hrobu.“
— Otto Weininger
Source: [Luft, David S., 2003, Eros and inwardness in Vienna: Weininger, Musil, Doderer, The University of Chicago Press, 52, 0-226-49647-3]
„Most of the time man does not do what he wills, but what he has willed. Through his decisions, he always gives himself only a certain direction, in which he then moves until the next moment of reflection. We do not will continuously, we only will intermittently“
— Otto Weininger
Collected Aphorisms, Context: Most of the time man does not do what he wills, but what he has willed. Through his decisions, he always gives himself only a certain direction, in which he then moves until the next moment of reflection. We do not will continuously, we only will intermittently, piece by piece. We thus save ourselves from willing: principle of the economy of the will. But the higher man always experiences this as thoroughly immoral.
„That which enables man to have a real relation to truth and which removes his temptation to lie, must be something independent of all time, something absolutely unchangeable, which as faithfully reproduces the old as if it were new, because it is permanent itself; it can only be that source in which all discrete experiences unite and which creates from the first a continuous existence. It is what produces the feeling of responsibility which oppresses all men, young and old, as to their actions, which makes them know that they are responsible, which leads to the phenomena of repentance and consciousness of sin, which calls to account before an eternal and ever present self things that are long past, its judgment being subtler and more comprehensive than that of any court of law or of the laws of society, and which is exerted by the individual himself quite independently of all social codes“
— Otto Weininger, kniha Sex and Character
Sex and Character (1903), so condemning the moral psychology which would derive morality from the social life of man
p. 151.
„Great men take themselves and the world too seriously to become what is called merely intellectual. Men who are merely intellectual are insincere; they are people who have never really been deeply engrossed by things and who do not feel an overpowering desire for production. All that they care about is that their work should glitter and sparkle like a well-cut stone, not that it should illuminate anything. They are more occupied with what will be said of what they think than by the thoughts themselves.“
— Otto Weininger, kniha Sex and Character
Sex and Character (1903), Große Männer nehmen sich selbst und die Dinge zu ernst, um öfter als gelegentlich »geistreich« zu sein. Menschen, die nichts sind als eben »geistreich«, sind unfromme Menschen; es sind solche, die, von den Dingen nicht wirklich erfüllt, an ihnen nie ein aufrichtiges und tiefes Interesse nehmen, in denen nicht lang und schwer etwas der Geburt entgegenstrebt. Es ist ihnen nur daran gelegen, daß ihr Gedanke glitzere und funkle wie eine prächtig zugeschliffene Raute, nicht, daß er auch etwas beleuchte! Und das kommt daher, weil ihr Sinnen vor allem die Absicht auf das behält, was die anderen zu eben diesen Gedanken wohl »sagen« werden—eine Rücksicht, die durchaus nicht immer »rücksichtsvoll« ist.
p. 104.
„Memory, then, is a necessary part of the logical faculty. … The proposition A = A must have a psychological relation to time, otherwise it would be At1 = At2.“
— Otto Weininger, kniha Sex and Character
Sex and Character (1903), p. 148.
„In men of genius, sterile years precede productive years, these again to be followed by sterility, the barren periods being marked by psychological self-depreciation, by the feeling that they are less than other men; times in which the remembrance of the creative periods is a torment, and when they envy those who go about undisturbed by such penalties. Just as his moments of ecstasy are more poignant, so are the periods of depression of a man of genius more intense than those of other men.“
— Otto Weininger, kniha Sex and Character
Sex and Character (1903), Denn gerade die starke Periodizität des Genies bringt es mit sich, daß bei ihm immer erst auf sterile Jahre die fruchtbaren und auf sehr produktive Zeiten immer wieder sehr unfruchtbare folgen—Zeiten, in denen er von sich nichts hält, ja von sich psychologisch (nicht logisch) weniger hält als von jedem anderen Menschen: quält ihn doch die Erinnerung an die Schaffensperiode, und vor allem—wie frei sieht er sie, die von solchen Erinnerungen nicht Belästigten, herumgehen! Wie seine Ekstasen gewaltiger sind als die der anderen, so sind auch seine Depressionen fürchterlicher.
p. 107.
„Not only virtue, but also insight, not only sanctity but also wisdom, are the duties and tasks of mankind.“
— Otto Weininger, kniha Sex and Character
Sex and Character (1903), p. 159.
„Man is alone in the world, in tremendous eternal isolation. He has no object outside himself; lives for nothing else; he is far removed from being the slave of his wishes, of his abilities, of his necessities; he stands far above social ethics; he is alone. Thus he becomes one and all.“
— Otto Weininger, kniha Sex and Character
Sex and Character (1903), [Paraphrasing Kant] p. 162.
„With ordinary men the moments which are united in a close continuity out of the original discrete multiplicity are very few, and the course of their lives resembles a little brook, whereas with the genius it is more like a mighty river into which all the little rivulets flow from afar; that is to say, the universal comprehension of genius vibrates to no experience in which all the individual moments have not been gathered up and stored.“
— Otto Weininger, kniha Sex and Character
Sex and Character (1903), p. 124.
„So far as one understands a man, one is that man. The man of genius takes his place in the above argument as he who understands incomparably more other beings than the average man. Goethe is said to have said of himself that there was no vice or crime of which he could not trace the tendency in himself, and that at some period of his life he could not have understood fully. The genius, therefore, is a more complicated, more richly endowed, more varied man; and a man is the closer to being a genius the more men he has in his personality, and the more really and strongly he has these others within him.“
— Otto Weininger, kniha Sex and Character
Sex and Character (1903), Einen Menschen verstehen heißt also: auch er sein. Der geniale Mensch aber offenbarte sich an jenen Beispielen eben als der Mensch, welcher ungleich mehr Wesen versteht als der mittelmäßige. Goethe soll von sich gesagt haben, es gebe kein Laster und kein Verbrechen, zu dem er nicht die Anlage in sich verspürt, das er nicht in irgend einem Zeitpunkte seines Lebens vollauf verstanden habe. Der geniale Mensch ist also komplizierter, zusammengesetzter, reicher; und ein Mensch ist um so genialer zu nennen, je mehr Menschen er in sich vereinigt, und zwar, wie hinzugefügt werden muß, je lebendiger, mit je größerer Intensität er die anderen Menschen in sich hat.
p. 106.
„The great man of science, unless he is also a philosopher, … deserves the title of genius as little as the man of action.“
— Otto Weininger, kniha Sex and Character
Sex and Character (1903), pp. 139-140.
„A creature that cannot grasp the mutual exclusiveness of A and not A has no difficulty in lying; more than that, such a creature has not even any consciousness of lying, being without a standard of truth.“
— Otto Weininger, kniha Sex and Character
Sex and Character (1903), p. 150.
„As the mental endowment of a man varies with the organisation of his accumulated experiences, the better endowed he is, the more readily will he be able to remember his whole past, everything that he has ever thought or heard, seen or done, perceived or felt, the more completely in fact will he be able to reproduce his whole life. Universal remembrance of all its experiences, therefore, is the surest, most general, and most easily proved mark of a genius.“
— Otto Weininger, kniha Sex and Character
Sex and Character (1903), pp. 114-115.
„No two moments in the life of an individual are exactly alike; there is between the later and the earlier periods only the similarity of the higher and lower parts of a spiral ascent.“
— Otto Weininger, kniha Sex and Character
Sex and Character (1903), Es gibt nicht zwei Momente des individuellen Lebens, die einander ganz gleichen; und es existiert zwischen den späteren und den früheren Perioden nur die Ähnlichkeit der Punkte der höheren mit den homologen der niederen Spiralwindung.
p. 107.
„Logic and ethics are fundamentally the same, they are no more than duty to oneself. They celebrate their union by the highest service of truth.“
— Otto Weininger, kniha Sex and Character
Sex and Character (1903), Logik und Ethik aber sind im Grunde nur eines und das-selbe.
Pflicht gegen sich selbst. Sie feiern ihre Vereinigung im höchsten Werte der Wahrheit...
p. 159.
„Universality is the distinguishing mark of genius. There is no such thing as a special genius, a genius for mathematics, or for music, or even for chess, but only a universal genius. … The theory of special genius, according to which for instance, it is supposed that a musical genius should be a fool at other subjects, confuses genius with talent. … There are many kinds of talent, but only one kind of genius, and that is able to choose any kind of talent and master it.“
— Otto Weininger, kniha Sex and Character
Sex and Character (1903), p. 112.
„A man is himself important precisely in proportion that all things seem important to him.“
— Otto Weininger, kniha Sex and Character
Sex and Character (1903), p. 127.
„Zola, who has so faithfully described the impulse to commit murder, did not himself commit a murder, because there were so many other characters in him. The actual murderer is in the grasp of his own disposition: the author describing the murder is swayed by a whole kingdom of impulses. Zola would know the desire for murder much better than the actual murderer would know it, he would recognise it in himself, if it really came to the surface in him, and he would be prepared for it. In such ways the criminal instincts in great men are intellectualised and turned to artistic purposes as in the case of Zola, or to philosophic purposes as with Kant, but not to actual crime.“
— Otto Weininger, kniha Sex and Character
Sex and Character (1903), p. 109.
„In the case of complex personalities the matter stands thus: one of these can understand other men better than they can understand themselves, because within himself he has not only the character he is grasping, but also its opposite. Duality is necessary for observation and comprehension.“
— Otto Weininger, kniha Sex and Character
Sex and Character (1903), pp. 109-110.
