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Karl Pearson, původním jménem Carl Pearson, byl anglický matematik a filozof, zastánce machizmu, zakladatel oboru matematické statistiky a její aplikace na biologii . V roce 1911 založil v Londýně na University College historicky první katedru statistiky. Ve své základní filozofické práci Gramatika vědy se věnuje otázkám metodologie vědy. Úloha vědy se podle něj zakládá na klasifikaci a popisu faktů. Materiální věci představují skupiny smyslových vjemů a zákonů přírody. Prostor a čas jsou výtvory lidského rozumu. Wikipedia  

✵ 27. březen 1857 – 27. duben 1936
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Karl Pearson: 65   citátů 0   lajků

Karl Pearson: Citáty anglicky

“The shadow of death, more strongly even than blood or nation, maketh mankind akin; it arouses sympathy and understanding, which surmount all the barriers of caste and station.”

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Karl Pearson

"The Chances of Death" (1895)

“Chance... the origin of the word itself is very possibly related to the falling of the dice from their box,—and certainly the first attempts at a theory of Chance arose from the general interest in gambling with dice.”

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Karl Pearson

"The Chances of Death" (1895)

“Monte Carlo roulette, if judged by returns which are published... is, if the laws of chance rule, from the standpoint of exact science the most prodigious miracle of the nineteenth century.”

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Karl Pearson

"The Scientific Aspect of Monte Carlo Roulette" (1894)

“No statements of mere averages... are of the least avail against our statistics. Fluctuations from the averages are the sole reliable test...”

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Karl Pearson

"The Scientific Aspect of Monte Carlo Roulette" (1894)

“The absence of the improbable, the redundancy of the probable, is just as much conclusive evidence against conformity with scientific law as the too frequent occurrence of the improbable itself.”

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Karl Pearson

"The Scientific Aspect of Monte Carlo Roulette" (1894)

“I felt somewhat taken aback. ...to have hit upon a month of roulette ...so improbable ...that it would only occur on the average once in 167,000 years of continuous roulette playing.”

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Karl Pearson

"The Scientific Aspect of Monte Carlo Roulette" (1894)

“In my enthusiasm Monte Carlo appeared to me in a new light; it was clearly a scientific laboratory preparing material for the natural philosopher.”

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Karl Pearson

"The Scientific Aspect of Monte Carlo Roulette" (1894)

“While the moralists have boldly asserted that the service of the goddess Chance leads to a complete demoralisation of her worshippers... the mathematicians... start from the hypothesis that gambling is a game of chance—chance being defined in their own perfectly clear and definite sense. My object... is to show that chance in this sense... as it applies to the tossing of an unloaded coin, has no application to Monte Carlo roulette.”

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Karl Pearson

"The Scientific Aspect of Monte Carlo Roulette" (1894)

“That it does not pay to gamble has been the oft repeated theme of the moralist, and has been demonstrated with much brave show of symbols by mathematicians from Lagrange to De Morgan and onwards.”

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Karl Pearson

"The Scientific Aspect of Monte Carlo Roulette" (1894)

“The holding of a myth explanation of any problem whereon mankind has attained true knowledge is what I term enslaved thought or dogmatism.”

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Karl Pearson

The Ethic of Freethought (Mar 6, 1883)

“It follows... that... in every concrete religion the knowledge element ought to increase and the myth element decrease or... every concrete religion ought to be in a state of development.”

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Karl Pearson

The Ethic of Freethought (Mar 6, 1883)

“The great danger... not content with our real knowledge of the relation of the finite to the infinite, they slur over our vast ignorance by the help of the imagination. Myth supplies the place of true knowledge where we are ignorant of the connection between finite and infinite. Hence... most concrete systems of religion present us with a certain amount of knowledge but a great deal of myth.”

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Karl Pearson

The Ethic of Freethought (Mar 6, 1883)

“What relation has the life of the individual to the life of the universe? ...The former is absolutely subordinate, inconceivably infinitesimal compared with the latter. The becoming of the latter bears not the slightest apparent reference to the becoming of the former. ...The one seems finite, limited, temporal, the other by comparison infinite, boundless, eternal. This disparity has forced itself upon the attention of man ever since his first childlike attempts at thought.”

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Karl Pearson

The Ethic of Freethought (Mar 6, 1883)

“The purpose of the mathematical theory of statistics is to deal with the relationship between 2 or more variable quantities without assuming that one is a single-valued mathematical function of the rest. The statistician does not think a certain x will produce a single-valued y; not a causative relation but a correlation. The relationship between x and y will be somewhere within a zone and we have to work out the probability that the point (x,y) will lie in different parts of that zone. The physicist is limited and shrinks the zone into a line. Our treatment will fit all the vagueness of biology, sociology, etc. A very wide science.”

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Karl Pearson

As quoted by E.S. Pearson, Karl Pearson: An Appreciation of Some Aspects of his Life and Work (1938) and cited in Bernard J. Norton, "Karl Pearson and Statistics: The Social Origins of Scientific Innovation" in Social Studies of Science, Vol. 8, No. 1, Theme Issue: Sociology of Mathematics (Feb.,1978), pp. 3-34.

“Heredity. Given any organ in a parent and the same or any other organ in its offspring, the mathematical measure of heredity is the correlation of these organs for pairs of parent and offspring... The word organ here must be taken to include any characteristic which can be quantitatively measured.”

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Karl Pearson

"Mathematical Contributions to the Theory of Evolution III: Regression, Heredity and Panmixia", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series A, Vol. 187 (1896) p. 259.

“Step by step [aesthetic] judgment, restless under the growth of positive knowledge, has discarded creed after creed and philosophic system after philosophic system.”

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Karl Pearson kniha The Grammar of Science

Introductory
The Grammar of Science (1900)

“[I]t is better to be content with the fraction of a right solution than to beguile ourselves with the whole of a wrong solution.”

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Karl Pearson kniha The Grammar of Science

Introductory
The Grammar of Science (1900)

“[T]he laws of science are products of the human mind rather than factors of the external world.”

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Karl Pearson kniha The Grammar of Science

Introductory
The Grammar of Science (1900)

“Does not the beauty of the artist's work lie for us in the accuracy with which his symbols resume innumerable facts of our past emotional experience? ... [A]esthetic judgment... how exactly parallel it is to the scientific judgment.”

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Karl Pearson kniha The Grammar of Science

Introductory. Pearson refers the reader to William Wordsworth's preface to the Lyrical Ballads (1815) "General View of Poetry".
The Grammar of Science (1900)

“[W]hen the law is reached... it must be tested and criticised by its discoverer in every conceivable way, till he is certain that the imagination has not played him false, and that his law is in real agreement with the whole group of phenomena...”

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Karl Pearson kniha The Grammar of Science

Introductory
The Grammar of Science (1900)

“Science can only answer to the great majority of "metaphysical" problems "I am ignorant."”

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Karl Pearson kniha The Grammar of Science

Meanwhile, it is idle to be impatient or to indulge in system-making.

Introductory
The Grammar of Science (1900)

“[T]he universe is largely the construction of each individual mind.”

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Karl Pearson kniha The Grammar of Science

Introductory
The Grammar of Science (1900)

“[T]he material of science is coextensive with the whole life, physical and mental, of the universe, and... the limits to our perception of the universe are only apparent, not real.”

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Karl Pearson kniha The Grammar of Science

Introductory
The Grammar of Science (1900)

“[T]he task of science can never end till man ceases to be, till history is no longer made, and development itself ceases.”

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Karl Pearson kniha The Grammar of Science

Introductory
The Grammar of Science (1900)

“[T]he state may be reasonably called upon to place instruction in pure science within the reach of all its citizens. ...The scientific habit of mind is one which may be acquired by all, and the readiest means of attaining to it ought to be placed within the reach of all.”

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Karl Pearson kniha The Grammar of Science

Introductory
The Grammar of Science (1900)

“[T]he tribal conscience ought for the sake of social welfare to be stronger than private interest...”

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Karl Pearson kniha The Grammar of Science

Introductory
The Grammar of Science (1900)

“[P]rogress... enables me to define several... conceptions much more accurately than was possible in 1892, and to indicate, if only in vague outline, what a fascinating field is being here transferred from the synoptic to the precise division of science.”

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Karl Pearson kniha The Grammar of Science

Preface to the Second Edition
The Grammar of Science (1900)

“For the present the Grammar may yet be of service. After an eight years' life and... 4000 copies, it reappears in a revised and enlarged form.”

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Karl Pearson kniha The Grammar of Science

Preface to the Second Edition
The Grammar of Science (1900)

“There is an old German proverb: "Death has no calendar," which taken in conjunction with our... "Death is no respecter of persons," strongly marks the folk conception... as of one who obeys no rule of time, or of place, or of age, or of sex, or of household...”

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Karl Pearson

"The Chances of Death" (1895)

“[W]e are forced to accept... that the random spinning of a roulette manufactured and daily readjusted with extraordinary care is not obedient to the laws of chance, but is chaotic in its manifestations.”

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Karl Pearson

"The Scientific Aspect of Monte Carlo Roulette" (1894)

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