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Max Stirner citáty
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Max Stirner, vlastním jménem Johann Caspar Schmidt byl německý filozof. Delší čas a s přerušeními studoval filosofii a teologii, zejména v Berlíně, kde promoval 1835. Uprostřed třicátých let překládal spisy liberálních ekonomů . Dvakrát ženat: První manželství zanedlouho skončilo smrtí ženy i novorozence při porodu, druhý sňatek s intelektuálkou Marií Dahnhärdtovou pak rozchodem manželů a odchodem paní Stirnerové do Londýna. Stirnerův život zejména v jeho závěru probíhal ve značné hmotné nouzi a skončil finančním zruinováním kvůli nezdařenému podnikání s distribucí mléka z venkova do Berlína.

Jeho návaznost na Hegela a Feuerbacha se často přeceňuje, souvislost s mladohegelovci zůstává od počátku nanejvýš terminologická. . Někdy je považován za solipsistu. Ve své hlavní knize "Jedinec a jeho vlastnictví", značně vyhrocené polemicky, napadá veškeré obecné normy duchovní i formální jako brzdu rozletu jedince : stát, morálku, náboženství, všechny formy sociality. Nejblíže jeho stylizaci stojí některé radikální pasáže díla Johanna Gottlieba Fichteho a Ladislava Klímy, zatímco příbuznost s Nietzschem je velmi povrchní a při hlubší analýze neobhajitelná. Na Stirnera se dovolávali anarchisté před 1. světovou válkou a ultralevicoví studentští představitelé roku 1968. Stirner však byl spíše než levicové interpretaci bližší spíše dovedení původních liberalistických impulsů k individualistickým závěrům.

✵ 25. říjen 1806 – 26. červen 1856
Max Stirner foto
Max Stirner: 52   citátů 1   lajk

Max Stirner citáty a výroky

„Každý stát je despocie, ať už je despotou jeden či je více despotů, nebo ať jsou pány všichni, jak si mnozí představují republiku, znamená to, že je despotou jeden vůči druhému.“

Max Stirner

Zdroj: Tomek, V., Slačálek, O.: Anarchismus: svoboda proti moci. Vyšehrad, 2006, str. 72

Max Stirner: Citáty anglicky

“What matters the party to me? I shall find enough anyhow who unite with me without swearing allegiance to my flag.”

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Max Stirner kniha The Ego and Its Own

Dover 2005, p. 236
The Ego and Its Own (1845)

“Man, your head is haunted; you have wheels in your head! You imagine great things, and depict to yourself a whole world of gods that has an existence for you, a spirit-realm to which you suppose yourself to be called, an ideal that beckons to you. You have a fixed idea! Do not think that I am jesting or speaking figuratively when I regard those persons who cling to the Higher, and (because the vast majority belongs under this head) almost the whole world of men, as veritable fools, fools in a madhouse. What is it, then, that is called a "fixed idea"? An idea that has subjected the man to itself. When you recognize, with regard to such a fixed idea, that it is a folly, you shut its slave up in an asylum. And is the truth of the faith, say, which we are not to doubt; the majesty of (e. g.) the people, which we are not to strike at (he who does is guilty of — lese-majesty); virtue, against which the censor is not to let a word pass, that morality may be kept pure; — are these not "fixed ideas"? Is not all the stupid chatter of (e. g.) most of our newspapers the babble of fools who suffer from the fixed idea of morality, legality, Christianity, etc., and only seem to go about free because the madhouse in which they walk takes in so broad a space?”

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Max Stirner kniha The Ego and Its Own

New York 1907, p. 54, 55
The Ego and Its Own (1845)

“Everything sacred is a tie, a fetter.”

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Max Stirner kniha The Ego and Its Own

Cambridge 1995, p. 192
The Ego and Its Own (1845)

“Now, on the contrary, when every one is to cultivate himself into man, condemning a man to machine-like labor amounts to the same thing as slavery. If a factory-worker must tire himself to death twelve hours and more, he is cut off from becoming man. Every labor is to have the intent that the man be satisfied. […] His labor is nothing taken by itself, has no object in itself, is nothing complete in itself; he labors only into another's hands, and is used (exploited) by this other.”

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Max Stirner kniha The Ego and Its Own

Cambridge 1995, p. 108
The Ego and Its Own (1844)

“Apart from any other basis which might justify a superiority, education, as a power, raised him who possessed it over the weak, who lacked it, and the educated man counted in his circle, however large or small it was, as the mighty, the powerful, the imposing one: for he was an authority.”

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Max Stirner kniha The False Principle of our Education

Zdroj: The False Principle of our Education (1842), p. 12

“[…] Because the Egoist is to himself the warder of the human, and has nothing to say to the state except: "Get out of my sunshine!"”

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Max Stirner kniha The Ego and Its Own

Tucker 1907, p. 307
The Ego and Its Own (1844)

“Because our time is struggling toward the word with which it may express its spirit, many names come to the fore and all make claim to being the right one. […] Without our assistance, time will not bring the right word to light; we must all work together on it. If, however, so much depends on us, we may reasonably ask what they have made of us and what they propose to make of us; we ask about the education through which they seek to make us creators of that word. Do they conscientiously cultivate our predisposition to become creators or do they treat us only as creatures whose nature simply permits training? […] Therefore we are concerned above all with what they make of us in the time of our plasticity; the school question is a life question.”

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Max Stirner kniha The False Principle of our Education

Zdroj: The False Principle of our Education (1842), p. 11

“The men of the future will yet fight their way to many a liberty that we do not even miss.”

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Max Stirner kniha The Ego and Its Own

Cambridge 1995, p. 114
The Ego and Its Own (1845)

“Whoso is full of sacred (religious, moral, humane) love loves only the spook, the “true man,” and persecutes with dull mercilessness the individual, the real man.”

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Max Stirner kniha The Ego and Its Own

S. Byington, trans. (1913), p. 383
The Ego and Its Own (1845)

“I have no need to take up each thing that wants to throw its cause on us and show that it is occupied only with itself, not with us, only with its good, not with ours. Look at the rest for yourselves. Do truth, freedom, humanity, justice, desire anything else than that you grow enthusiastic and serve them?”

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Max Stirner kniha The Ego and Its Own

Cambridge 1995, p. 6
The Ego and Its Own (1845)

“Yes, so it is that knowledge itself must die in order to blossom forth again in death as will; the freedom of thought, belief, and conscience, these wonderful flowers of three centuries will sink back into the lap of mother earth so that a new freedom, the freedom will, will be nourished with its most noble juices.”

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Max Stirner kniha The False Principle of our Education

Zdroj: The False Principle of our Education (1842), p. 19

“The tiger that assails me is in the right, and I who strike him down am also in the right. I defend against him not my right, but myself.”

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Max Stirner kniha The Ego and Its Own

S. Byington, trans. (1913), p. 191
The Ego and Its Own (1845)

“If a concept lacks an essence, nothing will ever be found that completely fits that concept. If you are lacking in the concept of human being, it will immediately expose that you are something individual, something that cannot be expressed by the term human being, thus, in every instance, an individual human being.”

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Max Stirner

Stirner's Critics (1845)

“It would be foolish to assert that there is no power above mine. Only the attitude that I take toward it will be quite another than that of the religious age: I shall be the enemy of every higher power, while religion teaches us to make it our friend and be humble toward it.”

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Max Stirner kniha The Ego and Its Own

Dover 2005, p. 184
The Ego and Its Own (1845)

“The will is not fundamentally right, as the practical ones would like very much to assure us; one may not pass over the desire for knowledge in order to stand immediately in the will, but knowledge perfects itself to will when it desensualizes itself and creates itself as a spirit "which builds its own body."”

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Max Stirner kniha The False Principle of our Education

Zdroj: The False Principle of our Education (1842), p. 21

“He who is infatuated with Man leaves persons out of account so far as that infatuation extends, and floats in an ideal, sacred interest. Man, you see, is not a person, but an ideal, a spook.”

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Max Stirner kniha The Ego and Its Own

Dover 2005, p. 79
The Ego and Its Own (1845)

“The difficulty in our education up till now lies, for the most part, in the fact that knowledge did not refine itself into will, to application of itself, to pure practice. The realists felt the need and supplied it, though in a most miserable way, by cultivating idea-less and fettered "practical men." Most college students are living examples of this sad turn of events. Trained in the most excellent manner, they go on training; drilled they continue drilling.”

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Max Stirner kniha The False Principle of our Education

Zdroj: The False Principle of our Education (1842), p. 25

“I am owner of my might, and I am so when I now myself as unique.”

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Max Stirner kniha The Ego and Its Own

In the unique one the owner himself returns into his creative nothing, of which he is born. Every higher essence above me, be it God, be it man, weakens the feeling of my uniqueness, and pales only before the sun of this consciousness. If I concern myself for myself, the unique one, then my concern rests on its transitory, mortal creator, who consumes himself, and I may say: All things are nothing to me.
Dover 2005, p. 366
The Ego and Its Own (1845)

“In the pedagogical as in certain other spheres freedom is not allowed to erupt, the power of the opposition is not allowed to put a word in edgewise: they want submissiveness.”

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Max Stirner kniha The False Principle of our Education

Only a formal and material training is being aimed at and only scholars come out of the menageries of the humanists, only "useful citizens" out of those of the realists, both of whom are indeed nothing but subservient people. Our good background of recalcitrancy [sic] gets strongly suppressed and with it the development of knowledge to free will. The result of school is then philistinism.
Zdroj: The False Principle of our Education (1842), p. 23

“If it is the drive of our time, after freedom of thought is won, to pursue it to that perfection through which it changes to freedom of the will in order to realize the latter as the principle of a new era, then the final goal of education can no longer be knowledge, but the will born out of knowledge, and the spoken expression of that for which it has to strive is: the personal or free man.”

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Max Stirner kniha The False Principle of our Education

Truth consists in nothing other than man's revelation of himself, and thereto belongs the discovery of himself, the liberation from all that is alien, the uttermost abstraction or release from all authority, the re-won naturalness. Such thoroughly true men are not supplied by school; if they are there, they are there in spite of school.
Zdroj: The False Principle of our Education (1842), p. 21

“Whoever will be free must make himself free. Freedom is no fairy gift to fall into a man's lap. What is freedom? To have the will to be responsible for one's self.”

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Max Stirner

Attributed in Forbes Vol 38 Iss. 2 (1936) p. 18, and in Lifetime Speaker's Encyclopedia (1962) by Jacob Morton Braude, p. 275

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