Archimedes citáty
Archimedes
Datum narození: 287 př. n. l.
Datum úmrtí: 212 př. n. l.
Archimédés ze Syrakus, řecky Αρχιμήδης, latinsky Archimedes,, byl řecký matematik, fyzik, filozof, vynálezce a astronom. Je považován za jednoho z nejvýznamnějších vědců klasického starověku, za největšího matematika své epochy a jednoho z největších matematiků vůbec. Použil vykrývací metodu k výpočtu plochy segmentu paraboly, a předjal tak myšlenky integrálního počtu. Zabýval se metodou výpočtu délky kružnice a na svou dobu přesně odhadl číslo pí. Také definice spirály nesoucí jeho jméno a vzorce pro výpočet objemů těles byly na tehdejší dobu převratné.
Citáty Archimedes
„Dejte mi pevný bod a já pohnu Zemí.“
To údajně pronesl k principu páky
Přisuzované
Originál: (la) Da ubi consistam, et terram caelumque movebo.
Zdroj: [Cresci, Luciano, 2005, Le curve matematiche tra curiosità e divertimento, HOEPLI EDITORE, 179, italština]
„Neruš mé kruhy!“
Údajná Archimédova poslední slova, která pronesl, když byl vyrušen římským vojákem při studii kruhů. Voják se rozzuřil a zabil jej mečem.
"μή μου τούς κύκλους τάραττε"
"Noli turbare circulos meos!"
Přisuzované
„Heuréka! Už to mám.“
Dosl. "Našel jsem!" To údajně volal a pobíhal nahý Syrákúskými ulicemi při objevení zákona o vztlaku (dnes známého, jako Archimédův zákon).
„The centre of gravity of any cone is [the point which divides its axis so that] the portion [adjacent to the vertex is] triple“
— Archimedes, kniha The Method of Mechanical Theorems
of the portion adjacent to the base
Proposition presumed from previous work.
The Method of Mechanical Theorems
„Equal weights at equal distances are in equilibrium and equal weights at unequal distances are not in equilibrium but incline towards the weight which is at the greater distance.“
— Archimedes, kniha On the Equilibrium of Planes
Book 1, Postulate 1.
On the Equilibrium of Planes
„I have found it! or I have got it!, commonly quoted as Eureka!“
What he exclaimed as he ran naked from his bath, realizing that by measuring the displacement of water an object produced, compared to its weight, he could measure its density (and thus determine the proportion of gold that was used in making a king's crown); as quoted by Vitruvius Pollio in De Architectura, ix.215;
Originál: (el) εὕρηκα [heúrēka]
„I am persuaded that it [The Method of Mechanical Theorems] will be of no little service to mathematics; for I apprehend that some, either of my contemporaries or of my successors, will, by means of the method when once established, be able to discover other theorems in addition, which have not yet occurred to me.“
— Archimedes, kniha The Method of Mechanical Theorems
The Method of Mechanical Theorems
„The centre of gravity of any parallelogram lies on the straight line joining the middle points of opposite sides.“
— Archimedes, kniha On the Equilibrium of Planes
Book 1, Proposition 9.
On the Equilibrium of Planes
„In any triangle the centre of gravity lies on the straight line joining any angle to the middle point of the opposite side.“
— Archimedes, kniha On the Equilibrium of Planes
Book 1, Proposition 13.
On the Equilibrium of Planes
„The centre of gravity of any hemisphere [is on the straight line which] is its axis, and divides the said straight line in such a way that the portion of it adjacent to the surface of the hemisphere has to the remaining portion the ratio which 5 has to 3.“
— Archimedes, kniha The Method of Mechanical Theorems
Proposition 6.
The Method of Mechanical Theorems
„Two magnitudes whether commensurable or incommensurable, balance at distances reciprocally proportional to the magnitudes.“
— Archimedes, kniha On the Equilibrium of Planes
Book 1, Propositions 6 & 7, The Law of the Lever.
On the Equilibrium of Planes
„Any segment of a right-angled conoid (i. e., a paraboloid of revolution) cut off by a plane at right angles to the axis is 1½ times the cone which has the same base and the same axis as the segment“
— Archimedes, kniha The Method of Mechanical Theorems
Proprosition 4.
The Method of Mechanical Theorems
„The centre of gravity of a parallelogram is the point of intersection of its diagonals.“
— Archimedes, kniha On the Equilibrium of Planes
Book 1, Proposition 10.
On the Equilibrium of Planes
„If two equal weights have not the same centre of gravity, the centre of gravity of both taken together is at the middle point of the line joining their centres of gravity.“
— Archimedes, kniha On the Equilibrium of Planes
Book 1, Proposition 4.
On the Equilibrium of Planes
„I thought fit to… explain in detail in the same book the peculiarity of a certain method, by which it will be possible… to investigate some of the problems in mathematics by means of mechanics. This procedure is… no less useful even for the proof of the theorems themselves; for certain things first became clear to me by a mechanical method, although they had to be demonstrated by geometry afterwards… But it is of course easier, when we have previously acquired, by the method, some knowledge of the questions, to supply the proof than it is to find it without any previous knowledge.“
— Archimedes, kniha The Method of Mechanical Theorems
The Method of Mechanical Theorems
„Do not disturb my circles!“
Original form: "noli … istum disturbare" ("Do not … disturb that (sand)") — Valerius Maximus, Memorable Doings and Sayings, Book VIII.7.ext.7 (See Chris Rorres (Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences) – "Death of Archimedesː Sources" http://www.math.nyu.edu/~crorres/Archimedes/Death/Histories.html). This quote survives only in its Latin version or translation. In modern era, it was paraphrased as Noli turbare circulos meos and then translated to Katharevousa Greek as "μὴ μου τοὺς κύκλους τάραττε".
Reportedly his last words, said to a Roman soldier who, despite being given orders not to, killed Archimedes during the conquest of Syracuse; as quoted in World Literature: An Anthology of Human Experience (1947) by Arthur Christy, p. 655.
Originál: (la) Noli turbare circulos meos. or Noli tangere circulos meos.
„Give me the place to stand, and I shall move the earth.“
δῶς[No omega+perispomene doric form per e.g. LSJ, March 2017] μοι πᾶ στῶ καὶ τὰν γᾶν κινάσω.
Dôs moi pâ stô, kaì tàn gân kinásō.
Said to be his assertion in demonstrating the principle of the lever; as quoted by Pappus of Alexandria, Synagoge, Book VIII, c. AD 340; also found in Chiliades (12th century) by John Tzetzes, II.130 http://books.google.com/books?id=dG0GAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA46. This and "Give me a place to stand, and I shall move the world" are the most commonly quoted translations.
Variant translations:
Give me a place to stand and with a lever I will move the whole world.
This variant derives from an earlier source than Pappus: The Library of History of Diodorus Siculus, Fragments of Book XXVI http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/26*.html, as translated by F. R. Walton, in Loeb Classical Library (1957) Vol. XI. In Doric Greek this may have originally been Πᾷ βῶ, καὶ χαριστίωνι τὰν γᾶν κινήσω πᾶσαν [Pā bō, kai kharistiōni tan gān kinēsō [variant kinasō] pāsan].
Give me a lever and a place to stand and I will move the earth.
Give me a fulcrum, and I shall move the world.
Give me a firm spot on which to stand, and I shall move the earth.
Originál: (el) δῶς μοι πᾶ στῶ καὶ τὰν γᾶν κινάσω. [Dôs moi pâ stô, kaì tàn gân kinásō.]
„First then I will set out the very first theorem which became known to me by means of mechanics, namely that
Any segment of a section of a right angled cone (i. e., a parabola) is four-thirds of the triangle which has the same base and equal height,
and after this I will give each of the other theorems investigated by the same method. Then at the end of the book I will give the geometrical [proofs of the propositions]…“
— Archimedes, kniha The Method of Mechanical Theorems
The Method of Mechanical Theorems
,_por_Domenico_Fetti.jpg){kind=link}