Datum narození: 287 př. n. l.
Datum úmrtí: 212 př. n. l.
Archimédés ze Syrakus, řecky Αρχιμήδης, latinsky Archimedes,, byl řecký matematik, fyzik, filozof, vynálezce a astronom. Je považován za jednoho z nejvýznamnějších vědců klasického starověku, za největšího matematika své epochy a jednoho z největších matematiků vůbec. Použil vykrývací metodu k výpočtu plochy segmentu paraboly, a předjal tak myšlenky integrálního počtu. Zabýval se metodou výpočtu délky kružnice a na svou dobu přesně odhadl číslo pí. Také definice spirály nesoucí jeho jméno a vzorce pro výpočet objemů těles byly na tehdejší dobu převratné.
To údajně pronesl k principu páky
Přisuzované
Originál: (la) Da ubi consistam, et terram caelumque movebo.
Zdroj: [Cresci, Luciano, 2005, Le curve matematiche tra curiosità e divertimento, HOEPLI EDITORE, 179, italština]
Údajná Archimédova poslední slova, která pronesl, když byl vyrušen římským vojákem při studii kruhů. Voják se rozzuřil a zabil jej mečem.
"μή μου τούς κύκλους τάραττε"
"Noli turbare circulos meos!"
Přisuzované
Dosl. "Našel jsem!" To údajně volal a pobíhal nahý Syrákúskými ulicemi při objevení zákona o vztlaku (dnes známého, jako Archimédův zákon).
— Archimedes, kniha The Method of Mechanical Theorems
of the portion adjacent to the base
Proposition presumed from previous work.
The Method of Mechanical Theorems
— Archimedes, kniha On the Equilibrium of Planes
Book 1, Postulate 1.
On the Equilibrium of Planes
What he exclaimed as he ran naked from his bath, realizing that by measuring the displacement of water an object produced, compared to its weight, he could measure its density (and thus determine the proportion of gold that was used in making a king's crown); as quoted by Vitruvius Pollio in De Architectura, ix.215;
Originál: (el) εὕρηκα [heúrēka]
— Archimedes, kniha The Method of Mechanical Theorems
The Method of Mechanical Theorems
— Archimedes, kniha On the Equilibrium of Planes
Book 1, Proposition 9.
On the Equilibrium of Planes
— Archimedes, kniha On the Equilibrium of Planes
Book 1, Proposition 13.
On the Equilibrium of Planes
— Archimedes, kniha The Method of Mechanical Theorems
Proposition 6.
The Method of Mechanical Theorems
— Archimedes, kniha On the Equilibrium of Planes
Book 1, Propositions 6 & 7, The Law of the Lever.
On the Equilibrium of Planes
— Archimedes, kniha The Method of Mechanical Theorems
Proprosition 4.
The Method of Mechanical Theorems
— Archimedes, kniha On the Equilibrium of Planes
Book 1, Proposition 10.
On the Equilibrium of Planes
δῶς[No omega+perispomene doric form per e.g. LSJ, March 2017] μοι πᾶ στῶ καὶ τὰν γᾶν κινάσω.
Dôs moi pâ stô, kaì tàn gân kinásō.
Said to be his assertion in demonstrating the principle of the lever; as quoted by Pappus of Alexandria, Synagoge, Book VIII, c. AD 340; also found in Chiliades (12th century) by John Tzetzes, II.130 http://books.google.com/books?id=dG0GAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA46. This and "Give me a place to stand, and I shall move the world" are the most commonly quoted translations.
Variant translations:
Give me a place to stand and with a lever I will move the whole world.
This variant derives from an earlier source than Pappus: The Library of History of Diodorus Siculus, Fragments of Book XXVI http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/26*.html, as translated by F. R. Walton, in Loeb Classical Library (1957) Vol. XI. In Doric Greek this may have originally been Πᾷ βῶ, καὶ χαριστίωνι τὰν γᾶν κινήσω πᾶσαν [Pā bō, kai kharistiōni tan gān kinēsō [variant kinasō] pāsan].
Give me a lever and a place to stand and I will move the earth.
Give me a fulcrum, and I shall move the world.
Give me a firm spot on which to stand, and I shall move the earth.
Originál: (el) δῶς μοι πᾶ στῶ καὶ τὰν γᾶν κινάσω. [Dôs moi pâ stô, kaì tàn gân kinásō.]
Original form: "noli … istum disturbare" ("Do not … disturb that (sand)") — Valerius Maximus, Memorable Doings and Sayings, Book VIII.7.ext.7 (See Chris Rorres (Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences) – "Death of Archimedesː Sources" http://www.math.nyu.edu/~crorres/Archimedes/Death/Histories.html). This quote survives only in its Latin version or translation. In modern era, it was paraphrased as Noli turbare circulos meos and then translated to Katharevousa Greek as "μὴ μου τοὺς κύκλους τάραττε".
Reportedly his last words, said to a Roman soldier who, despite being given orders not to, killed Archimedes during the conquest of Syracuse; as quoted in World Literature: An Anthology of Human Experience (1947) by Arthur Christy, p. 655.
Originál: (la) Noli turbare circulos meos. or Noli tangere circulos meos.
— Archimedes, kniha The Method of Mechanical Theorems
The Method of Mechanical Theorems
— Archimedes, kniha On the Equilibrium of Planes
Book 1, Proposition 14.
On the Equilibrium of Planes
— Archimedes, kniha On Spirals
On Spirals (225 B.C.)
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