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John Kenneth Galbraith byl vlivný kanadsko-americký ekonom, harvardský profesor, spisovatel, veřejný intelektuál, ekonomický popularizátor, prezidentský poradce a velvyslanec USA v Indii.

V ekonomii je řazen mezi post-keynesiánce a institucionální ekonomy. Politicky patřil k představitelům sociálního liberalismu. Jako aktivní člen Demokratické strany USA působil v administrativách prezidenta F. D. Roosevelta, H. Trumana, Johna F. Kennedyho a L. B. Johnsona a významně se podílel na tvorbě

hospodářské politiky USA druhé poloviny 20. století.

Během svého života napsal více než 30 knih, z nichž několik se stalo svého času ekonomickými bestsellery, a cca 390 odborných článků.

Jeho knihy jsou napsány populárním, netechnickým stylem, srozumitelném i laikovi.

Nejznámější je trilogie Americký kapitalismus , Společnost hojnosti a Nový industriální stát . Galbraith je také autorem několika významných ekonomických konceptů, např. teorie vyvažující síly, teorie konvergence ad. Mimo jiné zpopularizoval termíny „technostruktura“ či „konvenční moudrost“. Za rozhodující faktor ekonomického vývoje považoval technologický pokrok.Ačkoli se sám za institucionalistu nepovažoval, v jeho díle je patrný vliv Thorsteina Veblena, zakladatele amerického institucionalismu. Spojuje je mimo jiné velmi sarkastická kritika soudobého kapitalismu. Galbraith byl také velkým kritikem mainstreamové, tj. neoklasické ekonomie, kterou nazýval blackboard economics. Obviňoval své kolegy z konvenční moudrosti, která nepřipouští originální myšlenky a neodpovídá na problémy své doby.

Ve 30. letech proto plně přijal učení J. M. Keynese, které bylo v té době velmi revoluční. Zastával mnoho kontroverzních názorů, co se týče reklamy, plánovaného hospodářství či regulace cen. Mnohé ze svých názorů však postupem času mírnil.V Československu byl Galbraith známý v 60. letech díky své knize Nový industriální stát, ve které rozvinul tzv. teorii konvergence. Ta předpovídala postupné sbližování centrálně plánovaných ekonomik východního bloku a západních tržních ekonomik. Přestože se tato teorie historickým vývojem nepotvrdila, stala se předmětem zájmu reformních ekonomů Ekonomického ústavu ČSAV v období pražského jara. Wikipedia  

✵ 15. říjen 1908 – 29. duben 2006
John Kenneth Galbraith foto
John Kenneth Galbraith: 208   citátů 0   lajků

John Kenneth Galbraith citáty a výroky

„„Záchvatem nula“ či „nulovým záchvatem“ nazvali němečtí lékaři rozšířenou nervovou poruchu vyvolanou tehdejšími fantastickými peněžními údaji. Existují svědectví o řadě případů „záchvatu“ u mužů i žen všech společenských vrstev, kteří utrpěli šok z úsilí počítat v tisících milionů. Mnozí z těchto lidí působili normálně až na to, že měli nutkavou potřebu psát nekonečné řady nul.— O hyperinflačním období v Německu na počátku 20. let 20. století.“

John Kenneth Galbraith
O lidech , O mužích , O ženách

John Kenneth Galbraith: Citáty anglicky

“But there is still a considerable difference between a failure to do enough that is right and a determination to do much that is wrong.”

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John Kenneth Galbraith kniha The Great Crash, 1929

Chapter IX https://openlibrary.org/books/OL25728842M/The_Great_Crash_1929, Cause and Consequence, Section VIII, p 192
The Great Crash, 1929 (1954 and 1997 https://openlibrary.org/books/OL25728842M/The_Great_Crash_1929)

“The man who is admired for the ingenuity of his larceny is almost always rediscovering some earlier form of fraud. The basic forms are all known, have all been practiced. The manners of capitalism improve. The morals may not.”

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John Kenneth Galbraith

Zdroj: The Age of Uncertainty (1977), Chapter 2, p. 75

“One of the uses of depression is the exposure of what auditors fail to find.”

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John Kenneth Galbraith kniha The Great Crash, 1929

Chapter VII https://openlibrary.org/books/OL25728842M/The_Great_Crash_1929, Aftermath I, Section II, p 135
The Great Crash, 1929 (1954 and 1997 https://openlibrary.org/books/OL25728842M/The_Great_Crash_1929)

“Wall Street's crime, in the eyes of its classical enemies, was less its power than its morals.”

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John Kenneth Galbraith kniha The Great Crash, 1929

Chapter VIII https://openlibrary.org/books/OL25728842M/The_Great_Crash_1929, Aftermath II, Section IV, p 155
The Great Crash, 1929 (1954 and 1997 https://openlibrary.org/books/OL25728842M/The_Great_Crash_1929)

“The drive toward complex technical achievement offers a clue to why the US is good at space gadgetry and bad at slum problems.”

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John Kenneth Galbraith

Article in The Saturday Evening Post, 1968 http://books.google.com/books?id=rxsfAQAAMAAJ&q=%22The+drive+toward+complex+technical+achievement+offers+a+clue+to+why+the+U.S.+is+good+at+space+gadgetry+and+bad+at+slum+problems%22&pg=PA86

“In the United States, though power corrupts, the expectation of power paralyzes.”

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John Kenneth Galbraith

The United States (1971)

“Clearly the most unfortunate people are those who must do the same thing over and over again, every minute, or perhaps twenty to the minute. They deserve the shortest hours and the highest pay.”

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John Kenneth Galbraith

Made to Last (1964), ch. 4

“The myth that holds that the great corporation is the puppet of the market, the powerless servant of the consumer, is, in fact one of the devices by which its power is perpetuated.”

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John Kenneth Galbraith

Zdroj: The Age of Uncertainty (1977), Chapter 9, p. 258

“While it will be desirable to achieve planned results, it will be even more important to avoid unplanned disasters.”

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John Kenneth Galbraith kniha The New Industrial State

Zdroj: The New Industrial State (1967), Chapter XV, Section 2, p. 169

“Marx profoundly affected those who did not accept his system. His influence extended to those who least supposed they were subject to it.”

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John Kenneth Galbraith kniha The Affluent Society

Zdroj: The Affluent Society (1958), Chapter 6, Section III, p. 63

“In these matters, as often in our culture, it is far, far better to be wrong in a respectable way than to be right for the wrong reasons.”

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John Kenneth Galbraith kniha The Great Crash, 1929

Zdroj: The Great Crash, 1929 (1954 and 1997 https://openlibrary.org/books/OL25728842M/The_Great_Crash_1929), Chapter V, The Twilight of Illusion, Section VII, p. 85

“Ideas are inherently conservative. They yield not to the attack of other ideas but to the massive onslaught of circumstance with which they cannot contend.”

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John Kenneth Galbraith kniha The Affluent Society

Zdroj: The Affluent Society (1958), Chapter 2, Section VI, p. 26

“Educators have yet to realize how deeply the industrial system is dependent upon them.”

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John Kenneth Galbraith kniha The New Industrial State

Zdroj: The New Industrial State (1967), Chapter XXXIII, Section 4, p. 375

“The inevitable counterpart of specialization is organization. This is what brings the work of specialists to a coherent result. If there are many specialists, this coordination will be a major task. So complex, indeed, will be the job of organizing specialists that there will be specialists on organization and organizations of specialists on organization. More perhaps than machinery, massive and complex business organizations are the tangible manifestation of advanced technology.”

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John Kenneth Galbraith kniha The New Industrial State

Zdroj: The New Industrial State (1967), p. 16

“Oligopoly is an imperfect monopoly. Like the despotism of the Dual Monarchy, it is saved only by its incompetence.”

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John Kenneth Galbraith kniha The New Industrial State

Zdroj: The New Industrial State (1967), Chapter XVI, Section 2, p. 182

“Why is anything intrinsically so valueless so obviously desirable?”

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John Kenneth Galbraith

Zdroj: Money: Whence It Came, Where It Went (1975), Chapter VI, An Instrument of Revolution, p. 62

“We can safely abandon the doctrine of the eighties, namely that the rich were not working because they had too little money, the poor because they had much.”

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John Kenneth Galbraith

The Guardian [UK] (20 November 1991)

“Who is king in the world of the blind when there isn't even a one eyed man?”

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John Kenneth Galbraith

Zdroj: The Age of Uncertainty (1977), Chapter 6, p. 180

“No one knew, but it cannot be stressed too frequently, that for effective incantation knowledge is neither necessary nor assumed.”

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John Kenneth Galbraith kniha The Great Crash, 1929

Chapter V https://openlibrary.org/books/OL25728842M/The_Great_Crash_1929, The Crash, Section VIII, p. 106
The Great Crash, 1929 (1954 and 1997 https://openlibrary.org/books/OL25728842M/The_Great_Crash_1929)

“A banker need not be popular; indeed a good banker in a healthy capitalist society should probably be much disliked. People do not wish to trust their money to a hail-fellow-well-met but to a misanthrope who can say no.”

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John Kenneth Galbraith kniha The Great Crash, 1929

Chapter VI https://openlibrary.org/books/OL25728842M/The_Great_Crash_1929, Things Become More Serious, Section IV, p 115
The Great Crash, 1929 (1954 and 1997 https://openlibrary.org/books/OL25728842M/The_Great_Crash_1929)

“There is no name for all who participate in group decision-making or the organization which they form. I propose to call this organization the Technostructure.”

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John Kenneth Galbraith kniha The New Industrial State

Zdroj: The New Industrial State (1967), Chapter VI, Section 7, p. 71

“In dealing with Mr. Nixon, it is not easy to be unfair. He invites and justifies all available criticism.”

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John Kenneth Galbraith

Zdroj: Money: Whence It Came, Where It Went (1975), Chapter XX, Where It Went, p. 285

“The values of a society totally preoccupied with making money are not altogether reassuring.”

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John Kenneth Galbraith kniha The Great Crash, 1929

Zdroj: The Great Crash, 1929 (1954 and 1997 https://openlibrary.org/books/OL25728842M/The_Great_Crash_1929), Chapter V, The Twilight of Illusion, Section IV, p. 76

“Do not be alarmed by simplification, complexity is often a device for claiming sophistication, or for evading simple truths.”

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John Kenneth Galbraith

The Age of Uncertainty (1977), BBC Television series (also published in book form, non verbatim version)

“In the really hard cases you're choosing between the disastrous and the catastrophic, and it's hard to tell someone which one is which.”

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John Kenneth Galbraith

Quoted by Graham Allison , in A Conversation with Henry Kissinger. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RPqxISYxjcI

“Once the visitor was told rather repetitively that this city was the melting pot; never before in history had so many people of such varied languages, customs, colors and culinary habits lived so amicably together. Although New York remains peaceful by most standards, this self-congratulation is now less often heard, since it was discovered some years ago that racial harmony depended unduly on the willingness of the blacks (and latterly the Puerto Ricans) to do for the other races the meanest jobs at the lowest wages and then to return to live by themselves in the worst slums.”

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John Kenneth Galbraith

The United States (1971)

“To the man who held stock on margin, disaster had only one face and that was falling prices. But now prices were to be allowed to fall. The speculator's only comfort, henceforth, was that his ruin would be accomplished in an orderly and becoming manner.”

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John Kenneth Galbraith kniha The Great Crash, 1929

The Great Crash, 1929 (1954 and 1997 https://openlibrary.org/books/OL25728842M/The_Great_Crash_1929)
Zdroj: Chapter VI https://openlibrary.org/books/OL25728842M/The_Great_Crash_1929, Things Become More Serious, Section II, p 110

“The foresight of financial experts was, as so often, a poor guide to the future.”

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John Kenneth Galbraith

Zdroj: Money: Whence It Came, Where It Went (1975), Chapter XI, The Fall, p. 136

“Let's begin with capitalism, a word that has gone largely out of fashion. The approved reference now is to the market system. This shift minimizes — indeed, deletes — the role of wealth in the economic and social system. And it sheds the adverse connotation going back to Marx. Instead of the owners of capital or their attendants in control, we have the admirably impersonal role of market forces. It would be hard to think of a change in terminology more in the interest of those to whom money accords power. They have now a functional anonymity.”

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John Kenneth Galbraith

"Free Market Fraud" http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Economics/FreeMarketFraudGalbraith.html, The Progressive (January 1999)

“The great dialectic in our time is not, as anciently and by some still supposed, between capital and labor; it is between economic enterprise and the state.”

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John Kenneth Galbraith

A History of Economics (1991), ch. 21

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