Kenneth Arrow citáty
Kenneth Arrow
Datum narození: 23. srpen 1921
Datum úmrtí: 21. únor 2017
Kenneth Joseph Arrow byl americký ekonom, který v roce 1972 spolu s Johnem Hicksem získal Cenu Švédské národní banky za rozvoj ekonomické vědy na památku Alfreda Nobela. Ve svých 51 letech byl nejmladším člověkem, který tuto cenu získal, a tato hranice ještě nebyla překonána.Narodil se v New Yorku do rodiny rumunských Židů. Je považován za výraznou postavu neoklasické ekonomie. Mnoho jeho studentů také získalo Nobelovu cenu za ekonomii. Nejvýznamněji přispěl do teorie veřejné volby, a to formulováním Arrowova teorému nemožnosti, a do teorie celkové rovnováhy. Mimo jiné se zabýval i teorií endogenního růstu a informační asymetrií.
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„There are many other organizations beside the government and the firm. But all of them, whether political party or revolutionary movement, university or church, share the common characteristics of the need for collective action and the allocation of resources through nonmarket methods.“
— Kenneth Arrow
Chapter 1, Rationality: Individual And Social, p. 26
„Collective action is a means of power, a means by which individuals can more fully realize their individual values.“
— Kenneth Arrow
Chapter 1, Rationality: Individual And Social, p. 16
„I was early regarded as having unusual intellectual capacity. I was an omnivorous reader, and I added to that a desire to systematize my understanding. As a result, history, for example, was not merely a set of dates and colorful stories; I could understand it as a sequence in which one event flowed out of another. This sense of order crystallized during my high-school and college years into a predominant interest in mathematics and mathematical logic.“
— Kenneth Arrow
Arrow (1984) "November 1984 lecture at Trinity University". Lecture presented November 5, 1984.
„The Austrian a priori dogmatism (von Mises, especially; Hayek, to a lesser degree).“
— Kenneth Arrow
on question "In your mind, what has been the most misleading theoretical approach in economics?", in Karen Ilse Horn (ed.) Roads to Wisdom, Conversations With Ten Nobel Laureates in Economics (2009)
„As is by now well known, attempts to form social judgments by aggregating individual expressed preferences always lead to the possibility of paradox.“
— Kenneth Arrow
Chapter 1, Rationality: Individual And Social, p. 25
„In an ideal socialist economy, the reward for invention would be completely separated from any charge to the users of information. In a free enterprise economy, inventive activity is supported by using the invention to create property rights; precisely to the extent that it is successful, there is an underutilization of the information.“
— Kenneth Arrow
Kenneth J. Arrow (1962). "Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Invention." In: The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity. Princeton University Press.; cited in: Thrainn Eggertsson, Economic behavior and institutions. 1990. p. 22
„Uncertainty means that we do not have a complete description of the world which we fully believe to be true.“
— Kenneth Arrow
Chapter 2, Organization And Information, p. 34
„I was a very polite person, though. Paul Samuelson tells these stories how he used to correct his professors. I assume that’s true. But I wasn’t that type.“
— Kenneth Arrow
in Karen Ilse Horn (ed.) Roads to Wisdom, Conversations With Ten Nobel Laureates in Economics (2009)
„While economic theory in general may be defined as the theory of how an economic condition or an economic development is determined within an institutional framework, the deals with how to judge whether one condition can be said to be better in some way than another and whether it is possible, by altering the institutional framework, to achieve a better condition than the present one.“
— Kenneth Arrow
Arrow and Hicks (1972) From Nobel Lectures, Economics 1969-1980, Editor Assar Lindbeck, World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore, 1992 ( online http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1972/presentation-speech.html)
„[The decisionmaking role of the firm has progressed from the neoclassical standpoint of profit maximization to sales maximization, utility maximization, and satisficing. From the Operation Research point of view]... the ideal picture is that someone, presumable the firm that hires the operations researcher, hands him, on a silver platter, an objective function. By talking to the engineers, or by looking into a few scientific laws, he determines the policy alternatives available and also the model“
— Kenneth Arrow
p. 55 as cited in: Demetri Kantarelis (2008) " Book Review: Title: Theories Of The Firm 2nd Edition http://www.inderscience.com/books/TOF_american_econ_review.pdf". In: The American economist. Vol 52, Nr 1. p. 117
„I then follow up with four major aspects of economic research in the last 60 years, the period of my scholarly activity. One, econometric methodology and practice, is of such fundamental importance that it cannotgo unnoticed, although I played no role in it. With the other three, general equilibrium, dynamic processes, and uncertainty and information, I was more intimately involved.“
— Kenneth Arrow
Kenneth Arrow, "Some Developments in Economic Theory Since 1940: An Eyewitness Account" Annu. Rev. Econ. 2009
„Even Ricardo's most famous accomplishment, the law of comparative advantage in foreign trade, is incomplete, though not wrong.“
— Kenneth Arrow
Kenneth Arrow, "Ricardo's Work as Viewed by Later Economists" (1988)
„Decision theory, as it has grown up in recent years, is a formalization of the problems involved in making optimal choices. In a certain sense — a very abstract sense, to be sure — it incorporates among others operations research, theoretical economics, and wide areas of statistics, among others.“
— Kenneth Arrow
p. 55
„Studying oneself is not the most comfortable of enterprises. One is caught between the desire to show oneself in the best possible light and the fear of claiming more than one’s due.“
— Kenneth Arrow
in Lives of the Literature, edited by William Breit and Barry T. Hirsch
