Bertrand Russell citáty

strana 18

„Základní příčinou potíží je to, že v moderním světě jsou hloupí sebejistí, zatímco inteligentní jsou plní pochybností.“

„Nebojte se být výstřední ve svých názorech, protože každý názor, který byl nyní přijat, byl kdysi výstřední.“

„Existují dva motivy pro čtení knihy: jeden, protože se vám líbí; druhý, že se tím můžete chlubit.“

„Nikdy bych za svou víru nezemřel, protože bych se mohl mýlit.“

„Ať už se to týká čehokoliv, nezaškodí občas popřemýšlet i nad věcmi, které jsme dlouho považovali za samozřejmé.“

„Skutečně uspokojivé štěstí je doprovázeno co nejplnějším uplatněním našich schopností a co nejplnějším poznáním světa, v němž žijeme.“

„Bát se lásky znamená bát se života a ti, kdo se života bojí, jsou již ze tří čtvrtin mrtvi.“

„Kdybych žil ještě jednou, dopustil bych se stejných hloupostí a chyb, ale snažil bych se je udělat dřív.“

„Pokládám lásku za jednu z nejdůležitějších věcí v lidském životě. Láska je mnohem více než touha po pohlavním styku, je hlavním východiskem z osamělosti.“

„Většina lidí raději umře, než aby myslela. A přinejmenším jednou v životě to i udělají.“

„Nejvíc utrpení způsobil člověk člověku proto, že byl přesvědčen o věcech, které se ukázaly být nepravdivé.“

„Málokteří lidé mohou být šťastni, aniž by nenáviděli nějakou osobu, národ nebo tvora.“

„Moudrý člověk přemítá o svých strastech jen tehdy, když to potřebuje, v jiných případech myslí na jiné věci.“

„V dobách, kdy náboženství bylo ještě na vrcholu své slávy, mělo slovo "bůh" dokonale přesný význam, avšak v důsledku útoků ze strany racionalistů stával se tento pojem stále mlhavější a vybledlejší, až se dnes těžko pozná, co vlastně lidé mají na mysli, když prohlašují, že věří v boha.“

„Musel jsem se dívat na to, že lidem příliš nezáleží na vlastním přežití nebo na přežití celého lidstva, jako spíše na zničení svého protivníka.“

„Válka neurčuje na čí straně je pravda - jenom kdo zbyde.“

„Historie světa je souhrn událostí, kterým se bylo možno vyhnout.“

„Válka je iracionálním následkem pýchy, nudy a chamtivosti.“

„Jsou-li všichni odborníci zajedno, je na místě opatrnost.“

„Jsem přesvědčen, že vědecké poznání je jedním z vrcholů lidského úsilí. Netvrdím, že poznání nemůže nikdy způsobit zlo. Tvrdím však, a to velmi důrazně, že poznání neporovnatelně častěji přináší užitek než škodu, a strach z poznání je mnohem škodlivější.“

„Život je břímě, když ti, které máme rádi, mají jiné, jež staví na první místo. Když nemáme na světě koutek, do něhož můžeme utéct se svou osamělostí.“

„Leckdo vděčí za své úspěchy radám, jichž neuposlechl.“

„Naneštěstí je pro přetížené učitele takřka nemožné zachovat si instinktivní náklonnost k dětem| postupně k nim nabudou tytéž pocity jako cukrářský učeň ke kremrolím.“

„Jestliže je moudrost v životě zbraní, hloupost obvykle bývá dobrým pacientem.“

„Aristoteles se domníval, že ženy mají méně zubů než muži; ač byl dvakrát ženat, nikdy mu nenapadlo se podívat.“

„Chtěl bych, aby někdo zakopal válečnou sekeru a zapomněl, kde leží.“

„Vědci se snaží přeměnit nemožné na možné. Politici často zase chtějí přeměnit možné v nemožné.“

„Matematika se popravdě řečeno nepyšní pouze pravdivostí, ale také svrchovanou krásu - krásou chladnou a strohou, jakou nalézáme u soch; krásou, jež se neodvolává k žádné slabé stránce naší přirozenosti; krásou bez zbytečného pozlátka, které je běžné v hudbě či malířství - a přesto vznešeně čistou a stroze dokonalou, takovou, již se pyšní jen největší umělecká díla.“

„Základem demokracie je závist.“

„Moderní humor, to je někdy skrývané zoufalství.“

„Základní chyba otců: očekávají od svých dětí, že jim budou dělat čest.“

„Příliš málo svobody přináší stagnaci, příliš mnoho chaos.“

„Dobrý život je inspirován láskou a řízený vědomostmi.“

„Vlastenectví je ochota zabíjet a nechat se zabít z triviálních důvodů.“

„Ve filosofii jde o to začít s něčím tak jednoduchým, až se zdá, že to nestojí za řeč, a skončit něčím tak paradoxním, že tomu nikdo nechce věřit.“

„Život není nic víc než soutěž o to být raději zločincem než obětí.“

„Člověk by měl zpravidla dbát veřejného mínění jen tolik, kolik musí, aby neumřel hladem a nedostal se do vězení, ale vše, co sahá dále, je dobrovolné podřizování zbytečnému tyranství…“

„Když se do lásky míchá majetek, ztrácí svou životodárnou moc a stravuje osobnost.“

„Jste největšími pokrytci, jaké svět kdy poznal. Dovoláváte se hodnot, jimiž pohrdáte a po nichž bezohledně a cynicky šlapete“

„Když si člověk připustí, že nic není jisté, tak musí, podle mého názoru, také připustit, že některé věci jsou daleko více jisté než jiné.“

„Ze všech forem opatrnosti, je opatrnost v lásce nejvíce osudná opravdovému štěstí.“

„Strach je hlavním zdrojem pověr a jedním z hlavních zdrojů krutosti. Dobýt strach je začátek moudrosti.“

„Překonání strachu je počátkem moudrosti.“

„A kdyby Bůh existoval, považuji za velmi nepravděpodobné, že by byl tak nepokojně ješitný a urážel se na ty, kdo o jeho existenci pochybují.“

„Čas, který promarníte a nevadí vám, že ho promarníte, není promarněný čas.“

“One of the troubles about vanity is that it grows with what it feeds on. The more you are talked about, the more you will wish to be talked about. The condemned murderer who is allowed to see the account of his trial in the press is indignant if he finds a newspaper which has reported it inadequately. And the more he finds about himself in other newspapers, the more indignant he will be with the one whose reports are meagre. Politicians and literary men are in the same case… It is scarcely possible to exaggerate the influence of vanity throughout the range of human life, from the child of three to the potentate at whose frown the world trembles. Mankind have even committed the impiety of attributing similar desires to the Deity, whom they imagine avid for continual praise.
But great as is the influence of the motives we have been considering, there is one which outweighs them all. I mean the love of power. Love of power is closely akin to vanity, but it is not by any means the same thing. What vanity needs for its satisfaction is glory, and it is easy to have glory without power. The people who enjoy the greatest glory in the United States are film stars, but they can be put in their place by the Committee for Un-American Activities, which enjoys no glory whatever.”

“A religious creed differs from a scientific theory in claiming to embody eternal and absolutely certain truth, whereas science is always tentative, expecting that modification in its present theories will sooner or later be found necessary, and aware that its method is one which is logically incapable of arriving at a complete and final demonstration.”

“I think the first thing that led me toward philosophy (though at that time the word 'philosophy' was still unknown to me) occurred at the age of eleven. My childhood was mainly solitary as my only brother was seven years older than I was. No doubt as a result of much solitude I became rather solemn, with a great deal of time for thinking but not much knowledge for my thoughtfulness to exercise itself upon. I had, though I was not yet aware of it, the pleasure in demonstrations which is typical of the mathematical mind. After I grew up I found others who felt as I did on this matter. My friend G. H. Hardy, who was professor of pure mathematics, enjoyed this pleasure in a very high degree. He told me once that if he could find a proof that I was going to die in five minutes he would of course be sorry to lose me, but this sorrow would be quite outweighed by pleasure in the proof. I entirely sympathized with him and was not at all offended. Before I began the study of geometry somebody had told me that it proved things and this caused me to feel delight when my brother said he would teach it to me. Geometry in those days was still 'Euclid.' My brother began at the beginning with the definitions. These I accepted readily enough. But he came next to the axioms. 'These,' he said, 'can't be proved, but they have to be assumed before the rest can be proved.' At these words my hopes crumbled. I had thought it would be wonderful to find something that one could prove, and then it turned out that this could only be done by means of assumptions of which there was no proof. I looked at my brother with a sort of indignation and said: 'But why should I admit these things if they can't be proved?”

“A physicist looks for causes; that does not necessarily imply that there are causes everywhere. A man may look for gold without assuming that there is gold everywhere; if he finds gold, well and good, if he doesn't he's had bad luck. The same is true when the physicists look for causes.”

“A fundamental economic reconstruction, bringing with it very far-reaching changes in ways of thinking and feeling, in philosophy and art and private relations, seems absolutely necessary if industrialism is to become the servant of man instead of his master. In all this, I am at one with the Bolsheviks; politically, I criticize them only when their methods seem to involve a departure from their own ideals.”

“It is amusing to hear the modern Christian telling you how mild and rationalistic Christianity really is and ignoring the fact that all its mildness and rationalism is due to the teaching of men who in their own day were persecuted by all orthodox Christians.”

“Our words tend to conceal what is private and particular in our impressions, and to make us believe that different people live in a common world to a greater extent than is in fact the case.”

“The fundamental defect of fathers, in our competitive society, is that they want their children to be a credit to them.”

“Righteousness cannot be born until self-righteousness is dead.”

“When I was a child the atmosphere in the house was one of puritan piety and austerity. There were family prayers at eight o'clock every morning. Although there were eight servants, food was always of Spartan simplicity, and even what there was, if it was at all nice, was considered too good for children. For instance, if there was apple tart and rice pudding, I was only allowed the rice pudding. Cold baths all the year round were insisted upon, and I had to practice the piano from seven-thirty to eight every morning although the fires were not yet lit. My grandmother never allowed herself to sit in an armchair until the evening. Alcohol and tobacco were viewed with disfavor although stern convention compelled them to serve a little wine to guests. Only virtue was prized, virtue at the expense of intellect, health, happiness, and every mundane good.”

“Just as we teach children to avoid being destroyed by motor cars if they can, so we should teach them to avoid being destroyed by cruel fanatics, and to this end we should seek to produce independence of mind, somewhat sceptical and wholly scientific, and to preserve, as far as possible, the instinctive joy of life that is natural to healthy children. This is the task of a liberal education: to give a sense of the value of things other than domination, to help create wise citizens of a free community, and through the combination of citizenship with liberty in individual creativeness to enable men to give to human life that splendour which some few have shown that it can achieve.”

“The theoretical understanding of the world, which is the aim of philosophy, is not a matter of great practical importance to animals, or to savages, or even to most civilized men.”

“It is not altogether true that persuasion is one thing and force is another. Many forms of persuasion – even many of which everybody approves – are really a kind of force. Consider what we do to our children. We do not say to them: "Some people think the earth is round, and others think it is flat; when you grow up, you can, if you like, examine the evidence and form your own conclusion." Instead of this we say: "The earth is round."”

“Good nature is, of all moral qualities, the one that the world needs most, and good nature is the result of ease and security, not of a life of arduous struggle. Modern methods of production have given us the possibility of ease and security for all; we have chosen, instead, to have overwork for some and starvation for the others. Hitherto we have continued to be as energetic as we were before there were machines; in this we have been foolish, but there is no reason to go on being foolish for ever.”

“It's not the experience that happens to you: it's what you do with the experience that happens to you.”

“There is much pleasure to be gained from useless knowledge.”

“Most of us are not neutral in feeling, but, as human beings, we have to remember that, if the issues between East and West are to be decided in any manner that can give any possible satisfaction to anybody, whether Communist or anti-Communist, whether Asian or European or American, whether White or Black, then these issues must not be decided by war. We should wish this to be understood, both in the East and in the West.”

“This idea of weapons of mass extermination is utterly horrible and is something which no one with one spark of humanity can tolerate. I will not pretend to obey a government which is organising a mass massacre of mankind.”

“Modern physics… reduces matter to a set of events which proceed outward from a centre. If there is something further in the centre itself, we cannot know about it, and it is irrelevant to physics.”

“The life of man is a long march through the night, surrounded by invisible foes, tortured by weariness and pain, towards a goal that few can hope to reach, and where none may tarry long.”

“The white population of the world will soon cease to increase. The Asiatic races will be longer, and the negroes still longer, before their birth rate falls sufficiently to make their numbers stable without help of war and pestilence…. Until that happens, the benefits aimed at by socialism can only be partially realized, and the less prolific races will have to defend themselves against the more prolific by methods which are disgusting even if they are necessary.”

“There's a Bible on that shelf there. But I keep it next to Voltaire – poison and antidote.”

“Government by majorities can be made less oppressive by devolution, by placing the decision of questions primarily affecting only a section of the community in the hands of that section, rather than of a Central Chamber. In this way, men are no longer forced to submit to decisions made in a hurry by people mostly ignorant of the matter in hand and not personally interested.”

“We are faced with the paradoxical fact that education has become one of the chief obstacles to intelligence and freedom of thought.”

“A dog cannot relate his autobiography; however eloquently he may bark, he cannot tell you that his parents were honest but poor.”

“Drunkenness is temporary suicide.”

“The observer, when he seems to himself to be observing a stone, is really, if physics is to be believed, observing the effects of the stone upon himself.”

“Every great study is not only an end in itself, but also a means of creating and sustaining a lofty habit of mind.”

“Thank you for your letter and for the enclosure which I return herewith. I have been wondering whether there is any means of preventing the confusion between you and me, and I half-thought that we might write a joint letter to The Times in the following terms: Sir, To prevent the continuation of confusions which frequently occur, we beg to state that neither of us is the other. Do you think this would be a good plan?”